What is Transformations: Definition and 861 Discussions

In linear algebra, linear transformations can be represented by matrices. If



T


{\displaystyle T}
is a linear transformation mapping





R


n




{\displaystyle \mathbb {R} ^{n}}
to





R


m




{\displaystyle \mathbb {R} ^{m}}
and




x



{\displaystyle \mathbf {x} }
is a column vector with



n


{\displaystyle n}
entries, then




T
(

x

)
=
A

x



{\displaystyle T(\mathbf {x} )=A\mathbf {x} }
for some



m
×
n


{\displaystyle m\times n}
matrix



A


{\displaystyle A}
, called the transformation matrix of



T


{\displaystyle T}
. Note that



A


{\displaystyle A}
has



m


{\displaystyle m}
rows and



n


{\displaystyle n}
columns, whereas the transformation



T


{\displaystyle T}
is from





R


n




{\displaystyle \mathbb {R} ^{n}}
to





R


m




{\displaystyle \mathbb {R} ^{m}}
. There are alternative expressions of transformation matrices involving row vectors that are preferred by some authors.

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  1. E

    I The Hamiltonian and Galilean transformations

    In a classical example, for a system consisting of a mass attached to a spring mounted on a massless carriage which moves with uniform velocity U, as in the image below, the Hamiltonian, using coordinate q, has two terms with U in it. But if we use coordinate Q, ##Q=q−Ut##, which moves with the...
  2. Baela

    A Are equations of motion invariant under gauge transformations?

    We know that all actions are invariant under their gauge transformations. Are the equations of motion also invariant under the gauge transformations? If yes, can you show a mathematical proof (instead of just saying in words)?
  3. V

    Transformations to both sides of a matrix equation

    I feel if we have the matrix equation X = AB, where X,A and B are matrices of the same order, then if we apply an elementary row operation to X on LHS, then we must apply the same elementary row operation to the matrix C = AB on the RHS and this makes sense to me. But the book says, that we...
  4. Baela

    A Basic Question about Gauge Transformations

    Suppose we have an action ##S=S(a,b,c)## which is a functional of the fields ##a,\, b,\,## and ##c##. We denote the variation of ##S## wrt to a given field, say ##a##, i.e. ##\frac{\delta S}{\delta a}##, by ##E_a##. Then ##S## is gauge invariant when $$\delta S = \delta a E_a + \delta b E_b...
  5. milkism

    Field transformations in the z-direction

    Question: Eq. 12.109: My solution: We’ll first use the configuration from figure 12.35 in the book Griffiths. Where the only difference is that v_0 is in the z-direction. The electric field in the y-direction will be the same. $$E_y = \frac{\sigma}{\epsilon _0}$$ Now we're going to derive the...
  6. D

    A Understanding killing vectors and transformations of metric

    Hi, I am reading through my lecture notes - I haven't formally covered killing vectors but it was introduced briefly in lectures. Reading through the notes has highlighted something I am not sure about when it comes to co-ordinate transformations. Q1.Can someone explain how to go from...
  7. L

    How can I determine the values of α and β for a canonical transformation?

    Hi, unfortunately, I have problems with the following task I first tried to calculate ##JIJ^T##. $$\left( \begin{array}{rrr} \frac{\partial q'_i}{\partial q_j} & \frac{\partial q'_i}{\partial P_j} \\\frac{\partial P'_i}{\partial q_j} & \frac{\partial P'_i}{\partial P_j} \\...
  8. yucheng

    Canonical transformations of a quantized Hamiltonian?

    Source: Scully and Zubairy, Quantum Optics, Section 1.1.2 Quantization Questions: 1. Why are the destruction and creation operators considered a canonical transformations? 2. If these are canonical transformations, does it suggest that we are also canonically transforming the Hamiltonian...
  9. Ahmed1029

    I Coordinate and time transformations

    In describing the Galelian or Lorentz transformations, All books I've read keep talking about clocks and meter sticks, but I don't see how an event happening away from the observer could be instantaneously described by a set of coordinates and a point in time; information conveying the event...
  10. P

    Data transformations: When do you know to stop?

    I'm running raw data and although, visually, the trends are promising, none of it is statistically significant. I was just going to leave it at that because the data was obtained after only 1 year of the experiment and I was just going to say that if treatment continued for a longer period of...
  11. A

    I The different generators of canonical transformations

    Consider the phase space of a one degree of freedom mechanical system. We can pass from one phase space coordinates to another phase space coordinates via a canonical transformation. I want to focus on 1-parameter canonical transformations, $$(q_{0},p_{0})\rightarrow(q_{\lambda},p_{\lambda})$$...
  12. David Lewis

    B Galilean vs Lorentz Transformations: Correct Understanding?

    In the frame of Observer C standing by the side of the road, the speed of Car A with respect to Car B = v1 + v2. (Galilean Transformation). In the frame of Car A, the speed of Car B < v1 + v2 (Lorentz Transformation). Please tell me if this understanding is correct.
  13. Hamiltonian

    B Confusion in notation of Lorentz Transformations

    ##\bar{\mathcal{O}}## is moving with a velocity ##v## relative to ##\mathcal{O}## along ##x^{1}## The Lorentz transformations between a Frame ##\mathcal{O}## and ##\bar{\mathcal{O}}## is given by: $$\Delta x^{\bar{0}} = \gamma\left(\Delta x^0 - v\Delta x^1\right)$$ $$\Delta x^{\bar{1}} =...
  14. R3ap3r42

    How can I calculate the speed of a π+ meson based on its decay distance?

    A π+ meson is an elementary particle with a mean lifetime, defined in its rest frame, of τ = 2.60×10−8 s. The meson decays to a muon (µ+) and a neutrino (νµ) via the reaction π+ → µ+ + νµ. A π+ traveling in the laboratory decays so that the µ+ travels in the same direction as the original π+ and...
  15. ergospherical

    I Lorentz Transf. of Complex Null Tetrads: Formula (3.14-17)

    For a complex null tetrad ##(\boldsymbol{m}, \overline{\boldsymbol{m}}, \boldsymbol{l}, \boldsymbol{k})##, how to arrive at formulae (3.14), (3.15) and (3.17)? The equation (3.16) is clear as is. (I checked already that they work i.e. that ##\boldsymbol{e}_a' \cdot \boldsymbol{e}_b' = 2m'_{(a}...
  16. D

    I How do canonical transformations relate to Hamiltonians?

    Hi The Hamiltonian for a harmonic oscillator is H = 1/(2m) ( p2+m2ω2q2). A canonical transformation is then made to a new Hamiltonian K( P , Q ) It is said that K ( P , Q ) = H ( p , q ) but K ( P , Q ) = ωP ( cos2Q +sin2Q ) = ωP I don't understand how K ( P , Q ) = H ( p , q ) when they...
  17. FuzzySphere

    I Metrics and conformal transformations

    Conformal field theory is way over my head at the moment, but I decided to "dip my toes into it," and I watched a little video talking about conformal transformations. Now, I know that in a conformal transformation, $$x^\mu \to x'^\mu ,$$ the metric must satisfy $$\Lambda (x) g_{\mu \nu} =...
  18. V

    Energy transformations in an IC engine cylinder

    A drop of fuel is ignited in an engine cylinder, that produces heat, light and sound energies from the chemical energy stored in the drop of oil. What I am not clear about is how heat energy gets transformed into mechanical work? I think the heat energy produced from ignition flows from burnt...
  19. I

    MHB Matrix Transforms: nxm, n->m, m->n, n+m->n/m

    A matrix of dimension nxm a. transforms a vector of dimension n to a vector of dimension m b. transforms a vector of dimension m to a vector of dimension n c. a vector of dimension n+m to a vector of dimension m d. a vector of dimension n+m to a vector of dimension n
  20. S

    I Angle-Preserving Linear Transformations in 2D Space for Relativity

    I'm watching this minutephysics video on Lorentz transformations (part starting from 2:13 and ending at 4:10). In my spacetime diagram, my worldline will be along the ##ct## axis and the worldline of an observer moving relative to me will be at some angle w.r.t. the ##y## axis. When we switch...
  21. AdvaitDhingra

    B Regarding Contravarient Vector Transformations

    Hello, I have a question regarding the contravarient transformation of vectors. So the formula: V'n = dx'n / dxm Vm So in words, the nth basis vector in the ' frame of reference over the mth (where m is the summation term) basis vector in the original frame of reference times the mth...
  22. ilasus

    I Another interpretation of Lorentz transformations

    I consider three material points O, O', M, in uniform rectilinear motion in a common direction, so that in relation to the point O, the points O' and M move in the same direction with the constant velocities v and u (u>v>0). Assuming that at the initial moment (t0=0), the points O, O', M were in...
  23. X

    Proper Lorentz transformations from group theory?

    Hi, I was looking at this derivation https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derivations_of_the_Lorentz_transformations#From_group_postulates and I was wondering 1- where does the group structure come from? The principle of relativity? or viceversa? or what? 2- why only linear transformations? I remember...
  24. W

    I Trouble understanding contravariant transformations for vectors

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  25. T

    I Time and Lorentz transformations

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  26. karush

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  27. R

    I Lorentz transformations: 1+1 spacetime only

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  28. Kaguro

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  29. R

    MHB Row and column transformations

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  30. C

    B Rigid Transformations and other topics -- help with Learning Geometry?

    Dear Everybody, I am in the process of relearning high school geometry through Khan Academy. I am current an graduated undergraduate student in mathematics. I am doing this because geometry is one of my weakest subject in mathematics. Second reason is that I want to reason out a problem...
  31. F

    Lorentz transformations for electric and magnetic fields

    Good evening, I'm trying to solve this exercise that apparently seems trivial, but I wouldn't want to make mistakes, just trivial. Proceeding with the first point I wonder if my approach can be correct in describing this situation. From the assumptions, the two fields are in this...
  32. E

    Composing a few transformations

    I messed up somewhere, but don't know why! We consider this sequence of infinitesimal transformations,$$U = e^{i\varepsilon K_{\mu}}e^{i\varepsilon K_{\nu}}e^{-i\varepsilon K_{\mu}}e^{-i\varepsilon K_{\nu}}$$with ##K_{\mu}## and ##K_{\nu}## being two generators. I said, this simplifies...
  33. E

    B Unitary transformations

    I decided to return to my favourite topic (heavy sarcasm implied...), because somehow this active/passive stuff still trips me up. Let's say we have some operator ##A \in L(\mathcal{H}) : \mathcal{H} \rightarrow \mathcal{H}##, and also some unitary transformation ##U## between two sets of basis...
  34. AN630078

    Graphical Transformations and Finding the Equation of a Curve

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  35. P

    A Gauge Transformations: Understanding Lorentz Condition

    I have introduced the Lorentz gauge on my perturbed metric ## \gamma_{\alpha\beta} ## given by ##\partial^{a}\gamma_{\alpha\beta}##. However, there remains the freedom to make further gauge transformations $$\gamma_{\alpha\beta} \rightarrow \gamma_{\alpha\beta} + \partial_{\alpha}\xi_{\beta} +...
  36. J

    A What is your opinion of Linear Canonical Transformations?

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  37. L

    MHB Visualising transformations

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  38. R

    I Deriving Lorentz Transformations Using Calculus

    We take an arbitrary spacetime point ##(x,t)## in any observer's reference frame ##A##. Let ##(x(v),t(v))## be the co-ordinates of this same event as seen from a frame ##B## moving at a velocity ##v## wrt ##A##. As ##v## varies, the set of points ##(x(v),t(v))## constitute some curve ##C##. So...
  39. JD_PM

    I Small oscillations and spatial transformations | Part 1

    Please note that the transformed quantities will be indicated by ##'##. Let me give some context first. Let us assume here that the general approximate form of the potential energy ##V## and the kinetic energy ##T## are given to be $$V^{app} = q^T V q \tag 1$$ $$T^{app} = \dot q^T V \dot q...
  40. S

    B Symmetry in Higher Dimensions: Sean Carroll's Video & Physics

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  41. P J Strydom

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  42. S

    B What are matrix transformations?

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  43. S

    B Deriving Lorentz Transformations with 3 Postulates

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  44. JD_PM

    I Given two linear transformations L and K, show ##K = \lambda L## holds

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  45. SpaceMonkeyCaln

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  46. JD_PM

    A Lorentz Transformations and Angular momentum | Tong's QFT notes

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  47. Math Amateur

    MHB Complex-Linear Matrices and C-Linear Transformations .... Tapp, Propostion 2.5 .... ....

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  48. Math Amateur

    I Complex-Linear Matrices & C-Linear Transformations .... Tapp, Propn 2.4 ....

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  49. Ayoub Tamin

    I Lewis H Ryder: Cartesian to Polar Coord Transformations

    The example is about the transformation between the cartesian coordinates and polar coordinates using the definition In lewis Ryder's solution, I got confused in this specific line I really can't see how is that straightforward to find?
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