What is Local: Definition and 519 Discussions

Local history is the study of history in a geographically local context and it often concentrates on the local community. It incorporates cultural and social aspects of history. Local history is not merely national history writ small but a study of past events in a given geographical but one that is based on a wide variety of documentary evidence and placed in a comparative context that is both regional and national. Historic plaques are one form of documentation of significant occurrences in the past and oral histories are another.
Local history is often documented by local historical societies or groups that form to preserve a local historic building or other historic site. Many works of local history are compiled by amateur historians working independently or archivists employed by various organizations. An important aspect of local history is the publication and cataloguing of documents preserved in local or national records which relate to particular areas.
In a number of countries a broader concept of local lore is known, which is a comprehensive study of everything pertaining to a certain locality: history, ethnography, geography, natural history, etc.

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  1. P

    I A new interpretation of Quantum Mechanics

    These papers claim to present a realistic stochastic interpretation of quantum mechanics that obeys a stochastic form of local causality. (A lecture I recently attended mentioned these papers). It also claims the Born rule as a natural consequence rather than an assumption. This appears to me to...
  2. Euge

    POTW Local Integrability of a Maximal Function

    Let ##f## be a measurable function supported on some ball ##B = B(x,\rho)\subset \mathbb{R}^n##. Show that if ##f \cdot \log(2 + |f|) ## is integrable over ##B##, then the same is true for the Hardy-Littlewood maximal function ##Mf : y \mapsto \sup_{0 < r < \infty}|B(y,r)|^{-1} \int_{B(y,r)}...
  3. S

    I Approximate local flatness = Approximate local symmetries?

    Pseudo-Riemannian manifolds (such as spacetime) are locally Minkowskian and this is very important for relativity since even in a highly curved spacetime, one could locally approximate the spacetime into a flat minkowski one. However, this would be an approximation. Perhaps this is a naive...
  4. Euge

    POTW Local Property of Flasque Sheaves

    Let ##X## be a topological space, and let ##\mathscr{F}## be a sheaf on ##X##. Show that if ##\mathscr{U}## is an open cover of ##X## such that the restriction ##\mathscr{F}|_U## is flasque for every ##U\in \mathscr{U}##, then ##\mathscr{F}## is flasque. Note: A sheaf ##\mathscr{G}## on ##X##...
  5. Malapine

    Local Effects of a Kimberlite Eruption?

    Are there any thoughts on what effects a Kimberlite eruption would have on nearby populations, if one occurred in modern history? They were supposedly quite violent based on the estimated rates of ascent of the diamond-bearing lava, but how does that translate to VEI or megatons, etc. ? [...
  6. Frabjous

    I Local dark matter distribution

    We do not seem to have any unexplained orbital/gravitational anomalies within the solar system. What does that imply for the local dark matter distribution?
  7. Euge

    POTW Preservation of Local Compactness

    Let ##f : X \to Y## be a surjective continuous closed map of topological spaces such that every fiber ##f^{-1}(y)## is compact. Show that ##Y## is locally compact if ##X## is locally compact.
  8. P

    I Is QBism simply a subjective interpretation of science?

    Quantum Bayesianism takes the view that the there are no quantum states in the objective sense and that the probabilities should only be interpreted as what information an agent has about the system. Isn't this the same as claiming that there are hidden variables, and that probabilities arises...
  9. S

    I Is energy conserved during the formation of local systems?

    I found an old article (https://journals.aps.org/pr/abstract/10.1103/PhysRev.137.B1379) which talks about conservation of energy in an expanding space. Apparently, the author found that energy is conserved at local scales (like the motion of planets in our solar system) as one would expect, but...
  10. Demystifier

    A Can local conservation be verified experimentally?

    This question was raised but not answered in a thread which is now permanently closed. Consider the local conservation of charge ##\partial_{\mu}j^{\mu}=0##. In quantum field theory it is valid as an operator identity, but operators as such do not have a direct operational (experimental)...
  11. PainterGuy

    I Why is the observed local region of space flat?

    Hi, Also, I read this article, What Do You Mean, The Universe Is Flat? (Part I), on Scientific American; URL: https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/degrees-of-freedom/httpblogsscientificamericancomdegrees-of-freedom20110725what-do-you-mean-the-universe-is-flat-part-i/ I have few questions about...
  12. A

    B How does the Milky Way galaxy move in the local Group?

    How does the Milky Way galaxy move in the local Group? Is there a circular motion around the center of the local Group like the sun moves around the center of the galaxy?
  13. fresh_42

    Install App on iOS Device from Local Folder

    Given that I have a little personal app, developed on pc, tested (under iOS) and running. How can I get the app on my iOS device? All I have is a folder with a lot of files in it.
  14. A

    I General Relativity: Is it Local?

    Spacetime is a differential manifold and at each point is attached a Minkowski spacetime. There the laws of physics are the usual ones without gravity. Gravity is the curvature of spacetime. To define the concept of curvature do we need to evaluate at least one neighborhood of point P? Is...
  15. Tertius

    A Local phase invariance of complex scalar field in curved spacetime

    I am stuck deriving the gauge field produced in curved spacetime for a complex scalar field. If the underlying spacetime changes, I would assume it would change the normal Lagrangian and the gauge field in the same way, so at first guess I would say the gauge field remains unchanged. If there...
  16. Yan Campo

    I Probability when measuring a local observable

    I have information that $$\rho_{ab}=\sum_{j}p_{j}\ket{\Psi_{j}^{ab}}\bra{\Psi_{j}^{ab}}$$ and $$Pr(o_{j}^{(a)}|\Psi_{ab})=Tr_{ab}(\ket{\Psi_{ab}}\bra{\Psi_{ab}}(\ket{o_{j}^{(a)}}\bra{o_{j}^{(a)}}\otimes \mathbb{I}_{2})) \text{.}$$ I started by representing the density operator for pure states...
  17. C

    A Electron EM Field as Local Gauge Variation of Electron Matter Field

    The EM field seems to be required for for local gauge symmetry of the electron matter field under local phase variation. Following is a description (not my verbiage): There is a symmetry in physics which we might call the Local Phase Symmetry in quantum mechanics. In this symmetry we change...
  18. shivajikobardan

    MHB Solving UnboundLocalError for Python Iterative Deepening Depth First Search

    This code is for iterative deepening depth first search in python. # Python dictionary to act as an adjacency list graph = { '7' : ['19','21', '14'], '19': ['1', '12', '31'], '21': [], '14': ['23', '6'], '1' : [], '12': [], '31': [], '23': [], '6' : [] } visited=[] goal='31'...
  19. shivajikobardan

    Comp Sci Exception has occurred: UnboundLocalError local variable 'depth' refer

    This code is for iterative deepening depth first search in python. # Python dictionary to act as an adjacency list graph = { '7' : ['19','21', '14'], '19': ['1', '12', '31'], '21': [], '14': ['23', '6'], '1' : [], '12': [], '31': [], '23': [], '6' : [] } visited=[] goal='31'...
  20. P

    A Global vs. Local (gauge) Symmetry

    Gauge symmetry is highly confusing, partly because many definitions differ in the literature. Strictly speaking gauge symmetry should be called gauge redundancy since you are mapping multiple representations to the same physical state. What is your favourite definition of what "large" gauge...
  21. G

    A Complete characterization of local monomials

    Hi, I'm reading Zavialov's book on QFT and there's a statement there I was interested in finding how to prove it. The statement is as follows: If ##[A(x), j_{\{\lambda\}}(y)]=0## for ##(x-y)^2<0## then ##A(x)## is a local polynomial. The relevant definitions are: $$A = \sum_n \int...
  22. P

    A Proving the Equivalence of Local and Global Maxima for Concave Functions

    Consider the following theorem: Theorem: Let ##f## be a concave differentiable function and let ##g## be a concave function. Then: ##y \in argmax_{x} {f(x)+g(x)}## if and only if ##y \in argmax_{x} {f(y)+f'(y)(x-y)+g(x)}.## The intuition is that local maxima and global maxima coincide for...
  23. M

    MHB Global Extrema of a Trigonometric Function

    Hey ! :giggle: Let $f:\mathbb{R}^2\rightarrow \mathbb{R}^2$, $f(x,y)=\sin^2(x)\cdot \cos^2(y)$. - Show that $f$ has at $\left (\frac{\pi}{2}, 0\right )$ a strictly local maximum and that is also a global maximum. - Determine all points at which $f$ gets its global minimum. I have sone...
  24. MD LAT 1492

    I Relative Motion & Local Frame’s Position - when projecting components

    Does the position of the origin for the body’s rotating coordinate frame 1) stay fixed to the moving body or 2) does it stay fixed to the inertial frame, yet still able to rotate as the body rotates with the only restriction that it cannot translate with the body i.e. only affixed at the...
  25. maistral

    A Local truncation error from Taylor/Variable timestep

    I am not sure where I should be posting this; I am perfectly aware this is Taylor expansion calculus, but considering the fact that I am working with numerical ODE solutions, I posted this here. In the paper: Implementation of an Adaptive BDF2 Formula and Comparison with the MATLAB Ode15s...
  26. M

    MHB F doesn't have in (0,0) a local minimum

    Hey! :giggle: We have the function $\displaystyle{f(x,y)=y^2-3x^2y+2x^4}$ and the function $\displaystyle{g_v(t)=f(tv_1, tv_2)=t^2v_2^2-3t^3v_1^2v_2+2t^4v_1^4}$. I have shown that $g$ has a local minimumat $t=0$ I want to show that $f$ has not a local minimum in $(0,0)$. The gradient is...
  27. B

    And Why Am I Posting At 10 PM Local?

    Because the local red fox population is feeling amorous tonight. And do you know what amorous red foxes sound like? If I use any descriptors that come to the forefront of my mind, Mr. Berkeman is likely to give me another weinie point for offending somebody. You're going to have to listen to...
  28. K

    I Is gravity action at a distance or is it a local force?

    Newton thought of gravity as action at a distance. Einstein showed that gravity is the curvature of space-time. Einstein's General Relativity is the best answer, but neither discusses gravity at the quantum level. I tend to think of gravitational force to be the result of matter interacting with...
  29. T

    MTW Exercise 22.7 -- Calculate the law of local energy conservation for a viscous fluid with heat flow

    I've come to a grinding halt with this and I can't see a way forward. Can someone please take a look at what I've done so far and let me know if what I have done is OK and then if it is, give me a hint on how to proceed. First up, Is ## u \cdot \nabla \cdot T = u_\alpha...
  30. V

    Using an ODE to show a local minimum

    The ODE given to us is y' = xcosy. I am having a bit of trouble when it comes to solving this problem. We are supposed to show that the solution has a local minimum at x = 0 with the hint to think of the first derivative test. However, I am only really familiar with the first derivative test...
  31. M

    I Locally mediated interpretations with future input dependence

    Just read this paper: https://arxiv.org/pdf/1906.04313.pdf At first it had me thinking that locally mediated, future dependent interpretations are the way to go. Yet it admits these seem to be rare relative to other types of interpretations. Any good intuition or reasons why this is rare in...
  32. LarryS

    A Why is Quantum Field Theory Local?

    Under the Schrodinger Picture, nonrelativistic Quantum Mechanics for a fixed number of particles is highly nonlocal, e.g. Quantum Entanglement. But Quantum Field Theory is local. Why is that? Is it because QFT was created to accommodate SR, which, as a classical theory, is local? As always...
  33. E

    MHB Find where increasing/decreasing, concavity, local extrema and inflection points for f(x)=ln/x

    Find where increasing/decreasing, concavity, local extrema and inflection points for f(x)=ln/x So here is what I have so far: The derivative is 1-ln(x)/x^2 Critical points are (e,1/e) No concavity Local max is also (e,1/e) (no local min) no inflection points Increase on (0, e) and...
  34. Cerenkov

    B Trying to understand the differences between distant & local galaxies

    Hello. The recent discovery of the galaxy SPT0418-47 has piqued my interest. https://www.almaobservatory.org/en/images/reconstructed-view-of-spt0418-47/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SPT0418-47 https://www.eso.org/public/archives/releases/sciencepapers/eso2013/eso2013a.pdf It's my current...
  35. Wrichik Basu

    Changes made in remote repo are not tracked by Git in local repo

    I have a local repository (let's call it MyRepo) that is linked with Github (origin). The master branch is set to track origin/master using $ git branch -u origin/master Now I create another branch in my local repo, add a file in that branch, commit the change and merge the branch with master...
  36. O

    I Derive local truncation error for the Improved Euler Method

    I'm trying to find the local truncation error of the autonomous ODE: fx/ft = f(x). I know that the error is |x(t1) − x1|, but I can't successfully figure out the Taylor expansion to get to the answer, which I believe is O(h^3). Any help would be greatly appreciated!
  37. U

    I A Zorich proposition about local charts of smooth surfaces

    From Zorich, Mathematical Analysis II, 1st ed., pag.163: where the referred mapping (12.1) is a map ##\varphi:I_k\to U_S(x_0)##, in which: 1. ##I_k\subset\mathbb{R}^n## is the k-dimensional unit cube, 2. ##x_0## is a generic point on the surface ##S## and ##U_S(x_0)## is a neighborhood of...
  38. Eclair_de_XII

    Finding a local max/min of a function in Python

    Okay, so my algorithm looks something like this: ==== 1. Locate mid-point of the interval . This is our estimate of the local max. 2. Evaluate . 3. Divide the main interval into two subintervals: a left and right of equal length. 4. Check to see if there is a point in the interval such that ...
  39. ttpp1124

    Find the local extrema then classify them

    So this is a very long answer for a question worth 4 marks. Would it be a good idea to keep the explanation, or to have it strictly math only?
  40. Math Amateur

    I Local Basis in Topology .... Definitions by Croom and Singh .... ....

    Fred H. Croom (Principles of Topology) and Tej Bahadur Singh (Elements of Topology) define local basis (apparently) slightly differently ... Croom's definition reads as follows:... and Singh's definition reads as follows: The two definitions appear different ... ... Croom requires that each...
  41. Dr. Courtney

    Admissions April 4 PGRE Cancellations: Local, US, or Global?

    Some students I mentor in the SE US have reported that their local PGRE has been cancelled, but additional info is hard to come by. They are trying to find out if it is still being offered on that date at other locations. What do y'all know? Anyone know of a location in the US where it is...
  42. Hiero

    What is the true meaning of temperature? Is it global or local?

    Temperature is often imagined as a scalar field varying over (physical) space. Yet temperature seems to be generally defined as the (reciprocal) rate of change (with fixed V,N) of the entropy of a system w.r.t. the energy of that system; a seemingly global property. Is this definition only for...
  43. DarkMattrHole

    I Accelerating Body Creates Space-Time Curvature?

    If you are floating in space in your spaceship and you kick in the engines and accelerate at a comfortable 1G and you end up standing on the bottom of your ship, a slight curvature of space-time is formed, throughout the ship, perhaps immeasurable, such that without windows on the ship, you...
  44. M

    I Finding Multiple Local Minima of High-Dimensional Functions

    Hi all, Let me give some background to my question. In computational neuroscience it's now fashionable to train recurrent neural networks (RNNs) to solve some task (working memory for example). We do so by defining some cost function and training the model weights to minimize it (using...
  45. M

    Mathematica Finding local maxima from interpolated function

    Hi PF! I have data that I need to interpolate (don't want to go into details, but I HAVE to interpolate it). I'm trying to find the local maximas on a given domain. I've looked everywhere and still haven't been able to do it? Seems most people work with NDSolve, but I don't use that function...
  46. bhobba

    I Local Causality and Bell's Second Theorem

    Hi All I am a bit exasperated right now. On another forum a person claimed Bell's second theorem proved QM was not local. I carefully explained what local causality was, and what the theorem states: There exist quantum phenomena for which there is no theory satisfying local causality. It...
  47. S

    I Operator for the local average of a growing oscillating function

    First some background, then the actual question... Background: (a) Very simple example: if we take ##Asin(x+ϕ)+0.1##, the average is obviously 0.1, which we can express as the integral over one period of the sine function. (assume that we know the period, but don't know the phase or other...
  48. Bob Walance

    I Predicting Local Arrival Time w/ Rocket Ship Clock & Accelerometer

    First, create a rocket ship with: * a clock * a 3-axis accelerometer * a computer * a 3-axis external thruster The rocketeer begins in Earth orbit and sets the clock to Earth time. Then the ship takes off on a random trip through our universe. The pilot will arbitrarily point and apply the...
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