What is Transformation: Definition and 1000 Discussions

In linear algebra, linear transformations can be represented by matrices. If



T


{\displaystyle T}
is a linear transformation mapping





R


n




{\displaystyle \mathbb {R} ^{n}}
to





R


m




{\displaystyle \mathbb {R} ^{m}}
and




x



{\displaystyle \mathbf {x} }
is a column vector with



n


{\displaystyle n}
entries, then




T
(

x

)
=
A

x



{\displaystyle T(\mathbf {x} )=A\mathbf {x} }
for some



m
×
n


{\displaystyle m\times n}
matrix



A


{\displaystyle A}
, called the transformation matrix of



T


{\displaystyle T}
. Note that



A


{\displaystyle A}
has



m


{\displaystyle m}
rows and



n


{\displaystyle n}
columns, whereas the transformation



T


{\displaystyle T}
is from





R


n




{\displaystyle \mathbb {R} ^{n}}
to





R


m




{\displaystyle \mathbb {R} ^{m}}
. There are alternative expressions of transformation matrices involving row vectors that are preferred by some authors.

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  1. wirefree

    I Is there a way to calculate this transformation?

    Namaste & G'day! Imagine a helicopter view of a Polo ground. It's length & breadth are known. Now you are seated where the blue dot is. Your view is such: How do mathematicians calculate the distance travelled by a ball from the second perspective? From the top view, this would be...
  2. H

    A Vector field vs. four scalar fields ("QFT and the SM", Schwartz)

    This is the statement in question: But if they were scalar fields, they would not transform at all. How could they contribute differently if they didn't change?
  3. C

    What Chemical and physical transformations occur in the blue sphere silica gel at high temperatures?

    What type of chemical and physical transformation occurs in the blue sphere silica gel when it is subjected to very high temperatures above the temperature supported by it for several minutes? does it turn into a compound that will absorb and store moisture and water inside and can leak if it...
  4. L

    I Help Understanding Equation 3.6 in Covariant Physics by Moataz H. Emam

    I am a physics enthusiast reading Covariant Physics by Moataz H. Emam. In his chapter about Point Particle mechanics there is a transformation equation for a displacement vector. I don't see how he arrived at the final equation 3.6. Is it a chain rule or product rule? Can't seem to figure it...
  5. S

    I Fuel paradox arising from Galilean transformation?

    I have encountered a problem related to the Galilean Transformation. Let's consider two observers who will be referred to as ##O## and ##O^{'}##, with their corresponding coordinates ##(t,x,y,z)## and ##(t^{′},x^{′},y^{′},z^{'})## respectively. They are initially at the same location, at time...
  6. Baela

    A Infinitesimal Coordinate Transformation and Lie Derivative

    I need to prove that under an infinitesimal coordinate transformation ##x^{'\mu}=x^\mu-\xi^\mu(x)##, the variation of a vector ##U^\mu(x)## is $$\delta U^\mu(x)=U^{'\mu}(x)-U^\mu(x)=\mathcal{L}_\xi U^\mu$$ where ##\mathcal{L}_\xi U^\mu## is the Lie derivative of ##U^\mu## wrt the vector...
  7. milkism

    Field transformations in the z-direction

    Question: Eq. 12.109: My solution: We’ll first use the configuration from figure 12.35 in the book Griffiths. Where the only difference is that v_0 is in the z-direction. The electric field in the y-direction will be the same. $$E_y = \frac{\sigma}{\epsilon _0}$$ Now we're going to derive the...
  8. O

    Coordinate transformation into a standard flat metric

    I started by expanding ##dx## and ##dt## using chain rule: $$dt = \frac{dt}{dX}dX+\frac{dt}{dT}dT$$ $$dx = \frac{dx}{dX}dX+\frac{dx}{dT}dT$$ and then expressing ##ds^2## as such: $$ds^2 =...
  9. K

    4- vector potential transformation

    What is 4- vector potential transformation under Gauge fixing ?
  10. G

    I 4-Current vector potential transformation under Gauge fixing

    I am given an initial vector potential let's say: \begin{equation} \vec{A} = \begin{pmatrix} g(t,x)\\ 0\\ 0\\ g(t,x)\\ \end{pmatrix} \end{equation} And I would like to know how it will transform under the Lorenz Gauge transformation. I know that the Lorenz Gauge satisfy...
  11. Vanilla Gorilla

    B Transformation Rules For A General Tensor M

    So, I've been watching eigenchris's video series "Tensors for Beginners" on YouTube. I am currently on video 14. I am a complete beginner and just want some clarification on if I'm truly understanding the material. Basically, is everything below this correct? In summary of the derivation of the...
  12. G

    Apply the Legendre Transformation to the Entropy S as a function of E

    Hi, Unfortunately I am not getting anywhere with task three, I don't know exactly what to show Shall I now show that from ##S(T,V,N)## using Legendre I then get ##S(E,V,N)## and thus obtain the Sackur-Tetrode equation?
  13. L

    Point transformation for a constrained particle

    Hi, unfortunately, I'm not that fit concerning the Lagrangian formalism, so I'm not sure if I solved the problem 1a correctly. I have now proceeded as follows the Lagrangian is $$L=T-U$$ Since there are no constraining or other forces acting on the point mass, I assume that the...
  14. J

    Transformation Matrix T in Terms of β1, β2 with Row Reduction Explained

    T(α1), T(α2), T(α3) written in terms of β1, β2: Tα1 =(1,−3) Tα2 =(2,1) Tα3 =(1,0). Then there is row reduction: Therefore, the matrix of T relative to the pair B, B' is I don't understand why the row reduction takes place? Also, how do these steps relate to ## B = S^{-1}AS ##? Thank you.
  15. Ahmed1029

    I Is this transformation irreversible?

    This is a cyclic transformation. Is it safe to say thay it's irreversible because if you reverse it, it means I could extract an amount of heat from a cold reservoir and move it into a hotter reservoir with no other effect?
  16. luqman

    Coordinate Transformation (multivariable calculus)

    My Progress: I tried to perform the coordinate transformation by considering a general function ##f(\mathbf{k},\omega,\mathbf{R},T)## and see how its derivatives with respect all variable ##(\mathbf{k},\omega,\mathbf{R},T)## change: $$ \frac{\partial}{\partial\omega} f =...
  17. negarina

    Can a single-phase solid solution have a martensitic transformation?

    I'm trying to investigate the possibility of martensitic transformation in a non-iron alloy, described as a single-phase alpha-solid-solution (Nickel-Silver CuNi12Zn25Pb1, CW404J). I know that Cu-Ni-Zn alloys with higher zinc amounts show even shape memory effects. And that CuNi12Zn25Pb1 is no...
  18. J

    Linear Transformation from R3 to R3

    "There is a linear transformation T from R3 to R3 such that T (1, 0, 0) = (1,0,−1), T(0,1,0) = (1,0,−1) and T(0,0,1) = (1,2,2)" - why is this the case? Thank you.
  19. G

    I Coordinate System Transformation: Lowering/Raising Indices Explained

    In《Introducing Einstein's Relativity Ed 2》on page 106"lowering the first index with the metric,then it is easy to establish,for example by using geodesic coordinates..." In 《A First Course in General Relativity - 2nd Edition》on page 159 "If we lower the index a,we get(in the locally flat...
  20. BadgerBadger92

    I Difference Between Lorentz Transformation & Special Relativity

    Sorry for the extra question. Just have a lot of questions lately and I know some people around here are annoyed with that.
  21. S

    Simple Fourier transformation calculation

    So, ##\hat{p}(\omega)=\int_{-\infty}^{\infty} p(t)e^{-i\omega t}\mathrm{d}t=A\int_{0}^{\infty}e^{-t(\gamma+i(\omega+\omega_0))}=A\left[-\frac{e^{-t(\gamma+i(\omega+\omega_0))}}{\gamma+i(\omega+\omega_0)}\right]_0^\infty,## provided ##\gamma+ i(\omega+\omega_0)\neq 0## for the last equality. Now...
  22. S

    B Lorentz Transformation of Electric & Magnetic Fields Visualized

    I made a tool for calculating and visualizing how the electric and magnetic fields transform under a Lorentz boost. Thought I'd share it here, in case anyone finds it interesting. https://em-transforms.vercel.app/
  23. SaintRodriguez

    I Legendre Transformation & Hamilton-Jacobi Formalism: A Relationship?

    Hey I have a question about the relation between Legendre transformation and Hamilton-Jacobi formalism. Is there some relation? Cause Hamilton-Jacobi is the expression of Hamiltonian with a transformation.
  24. P

    I Question about algebraic transformation

    Hello, I would like to reproduce the following equation, but I don't quite understand how to do the transformation: $$ \sum_{i=1}^k \left( \frac{\langle y , x_i^* \rangle}{\sqrt{\langle x_i^*, x_i^* \rangle}} \right)^2 = \langle y, y \rangle$$ Where ##x_1^*,...,x_k^*##, are orthogonalized...
  25. Sciencemaster

    I Coord Transform in de Sitter Space: Phys Significance &Linearity?

    Could one derive a set of coordinate transformations that transforms events between different reference frames in the de Sitter metric using the invariant line element, similar to how the Lorentz Transformations leave the line element of the Minkowski metric invariant? Would these coordinate...
  26. DuckAmuck

    A Non-unitary gauge transformation

    You see in the literature that the vector potentials in a gauge covariant derivative transform like: A_\mu \rightarrow T A_\mu T^{-1} + i(\partial_\mu T) T^{-1} Where T is not necessarily unitary. (In the case that it is ##T^{-1} = T^\dagger##) My question is then if T is not unitary, how is...
  27. QuarkDecay

    Fourier transformation for circular apertures

    My notes say that the Resolution of the Aperture(in the Electric field of the wave) is the Fourier transformation of the aperture. Then gives us the equation of the aperture: and says that for the circular aperture in particular also: My attempt at solving this: We know that the Fourier...
  28. alhuebel

    I Constraints on Lorentz Velocity Transformation

    1. The 2nd line on the 3rd page of your notes, you have x=ct and x'=ct', thus ux=dx/dt and ux'= dx'/dt' =c according to Einstein's assumptiuon. 2. But near the end of the last page, you wrote dx'/dt' = (ux -v)/(1-vux/c2) . Compare with 1. This equation can be valid only for ux=c and...
  29. A

    A What assumptions underly the Lorentz transformation?

    The Lorentz transform for velocities is as follows: $$u=\frac{v+w}{1+\frac{vw}{c^{2}}}$$ But which assumption exactly underlies this so that you get exactly this formula and not any other formula with approximately the same properties?
  30. P

    MHB Invariance of Asymmetry under Orthogonal Transformation

    Show that the property of asymmetry is invariant under orthogonal similarity transformation
  31. LCSphysicist

    Time dependent canonical transformation

    THe question is pretty simple. I was doing an exercise, in which $$p = \lambda P, Q = \lambda q$$ is a canonical transformation. We can check it by $$\{Q,P \} = 1$$ But, if we add $$t' = \lambda ^2 t$$, the question says that the transformation is not canonical anymore. I am a little...
  32. A

    I Transformation of connection coefficients

    I don't understand why the highlighted term is there. This image was taken from Sean Carroll's notes available here: preposterousuniverse.com/wp-content/uploads/grnotes-three.pdf
  33. wnvl2

    I Applying Reisenbach Transf. to EM Wave in Microwave Oven

    There is no possible measurement, no matter how clever, that can measure the one way speed of light. It is a synchronization convention. In this topic I would like to apply this idea on a specific case. I have a microwave oven with width L. In this oven I have a standing wave. $$E(t,x)=E...
  34. LCSphysicist

    Energy change under point transformation

    How do the energy and generalized momenta change under the following coordinate transformation $$q= f(Q,t)$$The generalized momenta: $$P = \partial L / \partial \dot Q = \partial L / \partial \dot q\times \partial \dot q / \partial \dot Q = p \partial \dot q / \partial \dot Q = p \partial q /...
  35. Zeeshan Ahmad

    Understanding Velocity Transformation

    I have used velocity transformation ibut a little confused on it so do solve the problem
  36. H

    Sifting property of a Dirac delta inverse Mellin transformation

    Hi, I have to verify the sifting property of ##\frac{1}{2\pi i} \int_{-i\infty}^{i\infty} e^{-sa}e^{st} ds## which is the inverse Mellin transformation of the Dirac delta function ##f(t) = \delta(t-a) ##. let ##s = iw## and ##ds = idw## ##\frac{1}{2\pi} \int_{-\infty}^{\infty} e^{-iwa}e^{iwt}...
  37. Samama Fahim

    I Deriving Lorentz Transformations: Hyperbolic Functions

    While deriving Lorentz transformation equations, my professor assumes the following: As ##\beta \rightarrow 1,## $$-c^2t^2 + x^2 = k$$ approaches 0. That is, ##-c^2t^2 + x^2 = 0.## But the equation of the hyperbola is preserved in all inertial frames of reference. Why would ##-c^2t^2 + x^2##...
  38. A

    A Finding the Hermitian generator of a Symplectic transformation

    Consider a set of ##n## position operators and ##n## momentum operator such that $$\left[q_{i},p_{j}\right]=i\delta_{ij}.$$ Lets now perform a linear symplectic transformation $$q'_{i} =A_{ij}q_{j}+B_{ij}p_{j},$$ $$p'_{i} =C_{ij}q_{j}+D_{ij}p_{j}.$$ such that the canonical commutation...
  39. platypi

    Computing the infinitesimal generators for the Mobius transformation

    I don't know where to start. I understand that the constraint ##ad-bc=1## gives us one less parameter since ##d=1+bc/a##. So we can rewrite our original function. I know how to compute the generators of matrix groups but in this case the generators will be functions. I also know there should be...
  40. C

    A Understand Polaron Transformation in Quantum Optics: Wilson-Rae, Imamoğlu

    I'm trying to understand the so-called polaron transformation as frequently encountered in quantum optics. Take the following paper as example: "Quantum dot cavity-QED in the presence of strong electron-phonon interactions" by I. Wilson-Rae and A. Imamoğlu. We have the spin-phonon model with...
  41. A

    Partial fraction decomposition with Laplace transformation in ODE

    Hello! Im having some trouble with solving ODE's using Laplace transformation,specifically ODE's that require partial fraction decomposition.Now I know how to do partial fraction decomposition,and have done it many times on standard polynoms but here some things just are not clear to me.For...
  42. L

    I Canonical transformation vs symplectomorphism

    I have read that canonical transformation is basically a symplectomorphism which leaves the symplectic form invariant. My understanding is that the canonical transformation is a passive picture where we keep the point on the phase space fixed and change the coordinate chart, where...
  43. S

    Subset of the domain for the transformation to be invariant

    I found that the a) invariant points are all points on y-axis b) invariant lines are y-axis and ##y=c## where ##c## is real I am confused what the final answer should be. How to state the answer as "subset of domain"? Is it: $$\{x,y \in \mathbb R^2 | (0, y) , x = 0, y=c\}$$ Thanks
  44. S

    Codomain and Range of Linear Transformation

    Standard matrix for T is: $$P=\begin{bmatrix} 1 & 0 & 0\\ 0 & 1 & -1 \end{bmatrix}$$ (i) Since matrix P is already in reduced row echelon form and each row has a pivot point, ##T## is onto mapping of ##\mathbb R^3 \rightarrow \mathbb R^2## (ii) Since there is free variable in matrix P, T is...
  45. Cyneron

    Finding Lorentz acceleration transformation for arbitrary direction

    Edit: Ugh accidentally posted instead of previewing, this is a lot of latex to write to give my attempted solution, but I'll keep doing that. I am using the chain rule (or dividing the differential of ##\vec v'## by that of ##t'##). I get $$d \vec v' = \frac{d \vec v \cdot \vec u}{\gamma c^2...
  46. R3ap3r42

    Lorentz Transformation - Speeds relative to different observers

    Two spaceships are heading towards each other on a collision course. The following facts are all as measured by an observer on Earth: spaceship 1 has speed 0.74c, spaceship 2 has speed 0.62c, spaceship 1 is 60 m in length. Event 1 is a measurement of the position of spaceship 1 and Event 2 is a...
  47. R3ap3r42

    Special relativity and Lorentz Transformation Exercise

    Summary:: Special relativity and Lorentz Transformations - I got this problem from a first-semester course at university. I have been struggling for a few days and decided to get some help. A rocket sets out from x = x' = 0 at t = t' = 0 and moves with speed u in the negative x'-direction, as...
  48. A

    Engineering How would I solve this using Laplace transformation?

    Hello! Consider this transferfunction H(s); $$ H(s) =\frac{s-1}{1-2(s^2-s)-As-\frac{A}{2}} $$ Now I need to determine A (note that A is coming from R) so that the impulse response h(t) (so in time domain) so that it contains components with $$te^{at} \sigma(t) $$. Now I honestly really have...
  49. H

    Prove that T is a linear transformation

    We got two vectors ##\mathbf{v_1}## and ##\mathbf{v_2}##, their sum is, geometrically, : Now, let us rotate the triangle by angle ##\phi## (is this type of things allowed in mathematics?) OC got rotated by angle ##\phi##, therefore ##OC' = T ( \mathbf{v_1} + \mathbf{v_2})##, and similarly...
  50. D

    I Transformation of Functions: How Do Domain and Range Change?

    I want to understand how the domain and range change upon applying transformations like (left/right shifts, up/down shifts, and vertical/horizontal stretching/compression) on functions. Let f(x)=2-x if 0 ≤x ≤2 and 0 otherwise. I want to describe the following functions 1) f(-x) 2) -f(x) 3)...
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