What is Proton beam: Definition and 19 Discussions

A charged particle beam is a spatially localized group of electrically charged particles that have approximately the same position, kinetic energy (resulting in the same velocity), and direction. The kinetic energies of the particles are much larger than the energies of particles at ambient temperature. The high energy and directionality of charged particle beams make them useful for applications (see Particle Beam Usage and Electron beam technology).
Such beams can be split into two main classes:

unbunched beams (coasting beams or DC beams), which have no longitudinal substructure in the direction of beam motion.
bunched beams, in which the particles are distributed into pulses (bunches) of particles. Bunched beams are most common in modern facilities, since the most modern accelerator concepts require bunched beams for acceleration.Assuming a normal distribution of particle positions and impulses, a charged particle beam (or a bunch of the beam) is characterized by
the species of particle, e.g. electrons, protons, or atomic nuclei
the mean energy of the particles, often expressed in electronvolts (typically keV to GeV)
the (average) particle current, often expressed in amperes
the particle beam size, often using the so-called β-function
the beam emittance, a measure of the area occupied by the beam in one of several phase spaces.These parameters can be expressed in various ways. For example, the current and beam size can be combined into the current density, and the current and energy (or beam voltage V) can be combined into the perveance K = I V−3/2.
The charged particle beams that can be manipulated in particle accelerators can be subdivided into electron beams, ion beams and proton beams.

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