Hey there!
Use the laws of reflection which states that :
a.The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection.
b. The incident ray, reflected ray and the normal to the surface lies in the same plane.
Now, It is to be kept in mind while tracing the image on an object that, no image is...
'According to this principle the total amount of force on a given particle is the vector sum of the individual forces applied on that charged particle by all the other charged particles. The individual forces of the particles is calculated using the formula of Coulombs law and is not influenced...
See, x here is basically the angle, which is mostly taken in radian. What I mean is,##arctanx^2## and ##arctan^2x## are two completely different things. When you multiply two trigonometric functions your answer cannot affect the angle. I hope I cleared this doubt?
For your second problem there is one easy way. There a basic rule for differentiating functions such as f(g(x)) known as the chain rule. The chain rule is basically differentiating the functions and multiplying them. Well, in case of f(g(x)) the differentiation will be f'(g(x)).g'(x)
For eg...