Here's a hint: consider the function ##g(x) = f(x) - x## for ##x \in [0,1]##. Is ##g## continuous, and what can you say about ##g(0)## and ##g(1)##?
oops...sorry HS-Scientist for pretty much repeating your hint.
First, shouldn't the ##12v^2## in your second equation be ##112v^2##? (Probably just a typo)
Second, I suggest manipulating the first equation to get ##u = \frac{8v}{v+7}##(assuming that ##v \neq -7##, you should check that this cannot be true by substituting ##v = -7## into the system)...
Luckily, this is a seperable equation, which means you can rewrite it as
$$(1+y^2)dy = x^2dx.$$
Now, what can you do to get rid of those pesky differentials?