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Hello, In the four maximally entangled two-qubit Bell states, what is the difference between the first and the second states, similarly, the difference between the third and the fourth states. What the different in signs mean( +,-)...

Hi, What does it mean when we say that the in the case of absence of a phase reference, the laser would produce a Poissonian mixture of number states?.. I got confused actually between the meaning of the phase in classical sense and quantum in this regard. Regards

Hello, Can anybody help me to understand the solved example as attached here. How can I follow that using dirac, bra notations. Regards

Hello I am confused and I cant figure out what is meant by phase when it comes to quantum mechanics for single photons and coherent states as I am a new to this field. Best regards

Hi, Does anybody know why we have complex scalers to represent qubits..I mean why they are not real numbers. Thanks

Hi, I need any good books or articles about the mathematical analysis and modelling of orbital angular momentum Regards

Hi there, how one can compute the spectral power distribution of white LED ,i,e like black body radiator that has a formula of calculation.. regards

Hi there, I am wondering how to calculate the reflection coefficient of walls upon incident light versus wavelengths,, thanks