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Thank you for your explanation. ;)

I have the calculation on secret key rate over the turbulence channel using Python code. The calculation is as below: import numpy as np import math import re import random import cmath #import itertools from math import pi,e,log import time #import xlwt import matplotlib.pyplot as plt from...

I'm calculating key rate (R^Rate-wise) by integrating R(eta) over all possible eta from 0 to 1, with a probability distribution (PDTC) which is a log-normal distribution. The equation of log-normal distribution: The equation of R(eta): Therefore, R^Rate-wise =...

I have an equation regarding integration equation. Given: where is found analytically to be: My question is what is the analytical equation for equation 3? I hope that anyone may help me regarding this matter. This is the paper I referred: https://arxiv.org/pdf/1503.05793.pdf Thank you.

You mean that θl must greater than d2R in order to produce a valid output?

What is the applicable range?

Hello everyone, I have calculated the received power for free space optic (FSO) using the equation: Lsystem (system loss) is set to 8dB. PTotal can be calculated as: where Ntx (number of receiver) = 1 and PTx (transmitted power) =7.78 dBm. LGeo can be calculated as: where d2R (receiver...

That is the good idea. I will start a new thread and asking about the equations.

I will try to ask about the equation from the author of the paper. Hopefully he will response my questions.

Actually, I didn't have any idea.

Yes. I realized it. It is stated that . However, I don't think that they used another equation to calculate pe_mim.

How to write the expression for ##P^{Auth,MIM}_e(t,N)##? Do you have any idea, what is the equation to plot ##P^{Auth,MIM}_e(t,N)##?

I have tried it. However, it shows the same graph that I have been plotted before. I already updated the code and the graph in the question.

I have tried it. However, it shows the same graph that I have been plotted before.

1. Yes. t**2 is the square the t value 2. Yes. z2 = element of y + element of z 3. z line is (1-t**2)N, which is replacing tN in Pe^(aut,normal)

Yes Yes. It is very interesting to play around with python. However, I felt some headache to understand the equation. Thank you for your attention and help for the previous post. Really appreciate it.

The problem is I tried to plot the graph in https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/how-to-plot-integration-equation-using-python.963190/#post-6110879. However, at N=0, the error probability is not plotted at 5 as illustrated in the original graph.

Thank you so much for your help. Apologize for not replying the threads. This post is different from the previous one.

Thank you so much. Finally I did plot the graph.

I have a few of integration equations and need to convert it into Python. The problem is when I tried to plot a graph according to the equation, some of the plot is not same with the original one. The first equation is the error probability of authentication in normal operation: cond equation...

DrClaude, it can be assumed that Eve is trying to intercept the communication at the first stage using (1-t2)N, isn't it?

Thank you Spinnor.

I have some curiosity about MIM attack in a paper that I have been found before. The diagram shows the MIM attack between Alice and Bob: I found that the sentences state: "We consider that the transmittance of the quantum channel is t. If Alice sends pulses with a mean photon number of N...

I have several equations and need to convert it into Python. The problem is that I tried to plot a graph according to the equation. However, the graph that I get is not the same as the original one. In the paper, the equation of error probability for MIM attack is given by: First Image Second...

Finally I got the true result. Something mistakes happened in my Python codes. Anyway, thank you for your explanation.

Consider the simple example: Given the set of matrix,supposedly the transpose of conjugate IV will obtain the UB: IV_transpose*UB(IV)=UB However, I get the different output. Please see the code; angle=60 UB = np.array([ [1,0,0,0]...

θA is the rotational of half wave plate at Alice side while θB is rotational at Bob and they are unitary transformation.

Alright, I have make it readable as Python code. Thank you.

What is the problem of my code? I didn't have any idea why the output is not equal to X.

I would like to ask about unitary transformation. UA(IV) UB*UA(IV) UAT(UB*UA(IV))=UB(IV) UB(IV)*(X) IVT(UB(IV)*(X))=UB(X) UBT*UB(X)=X From the information above, UAT,IVT and UBT are the transpose of the complex conjugate. The aim of this code is to get the value of X in the step 4. This is...

Hi everyone First of all, I am a computer science student and I have a question regarding the polarization of light as stated in an article entitled "Multi-stage quantum secure communication using polarization hopping" by Rifai et al.,2015. Given the Mueller matrix: The input of light state is...

I am studying Quantum Cryptography and I am quite new in Quantum area. I have read an article and I found this confusing statement: My questions: 1. The three stage protocol implementing multiphoton. What is the meaning of coherent states of mean photon number? 2. How to describe the quantum...

Thank you so EngWiPy..I get it now.

Thank you EngWiPy for the explanation...I am sorry if my question is too simple. Is the Q\left[\frac{1}{\sqrt{\sigma_n^2}}\right] same with the equation 4? Could you explain me what is the meaning of y and xi in the equation 4? Thanks a lot sifu ;)

Hello, I found a paper on the calculation of probabilities of error. However, I didn't know how to plot the graph using equation 3 and 4. These are the list of equations: And this is the graph: I hope that anyone in this forum may guide me to plot this graph. Thank you.