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Yes, they mostly answer in terms of complete shells. Anyway, I will keep looking.

Hi, I have a basic knowledge of chemistry from high school days. I remember once being told that a neutral hydrogen has one electron in its shell but it wants to complete its outer shell by having two electrons, and this makes hydrogen atom to create bonds with other atoms. Likewise, a...

Thank you. It is just assumed that nature acts in some mysterious way. Though, I think that Newton himself knew that this is not really true.

Thank you for the help! About the charge example. I have always thought of a positive charge as the source and a negative charge as the sink. If a negative charge is lying along the positive x-axis and the positive charge is situated at the origin, I think that some of the the field lines...

Hi, I have a basic understanding of quantum physics. I was reading a Wikipedia article on hidden variables, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidden-variable_theory . The article says the following. I was confused about the words "local" and "nonlocal" in the quote above so I checked out another...

Thank you very much! All those links and data are really helpful.

Thanks a lot! I find your post very helpful.

That's exactly what I had in mind. Mostly when someone has surgery or get sick, that person is mostly given meat broth so I was under the impression that it should be really nutritious.

Thank you! I agree that that would be the right way to do a scientific inquiry. When I asked the question, I was just thinking about it and needed some opinions. On the other hand, I don't think I would have been able to frame my query so nicely the way you did. Thanks!

Thank you! I think that I didn't state it clearly. I wanted to say that if you stew/boil meat and then drink that liquid (without any meat), is that liquid going to contain as many nutrients as there are in 'solid' meat? Personally, I don't think so.

Hi, Could you please help me with the queries below? Q1: It's said that meat broth is really nutritious. Does the boiling process extract the nutrients from the meat? If it does, I'd say that the boiling process cannot still extract all the nutrients from the meat. Q2: Assuming the answer to...

Thank you! I understand it now. CO2 monitor isn't really needed.

Agreed! But I think to monitor carbon dioxide levels and proper ventilation CO2 monitors could be installed in some places such as basements. Thank you, everyone, for the help!

Humans generate carbon dioxide. In some Asian countries far more people die as result of CO poisoning in winter months. When I was writing the post, I was thinking of a scenario where five or more people are sleeping in a small non-ventilated room with a furnace running on. It will increase the...

This is regarding post #5 above. Is carbon dioxide a 'silent killer'? Will you wake up if carbon dioxide concentration becomes too high?

I'm sorry to ask this but are you sure about it? Here is an interesting read: https://www.puc.pa.gov/transport/gassafe/pdf/Gas_Safety_Seminar_2016-PPT-CarbonDioxide.pdf

Thanks! What if one is sleeping?

Hi, In many places in the US the carbon monoxide monitors are mandatory to be installed inside residential places. Source: www.kidde.com/home-safety/en/us/co-safety/carbon-monoxide-alarm-faqs/ Source: https://www.health.ny.gov/publications/2826.pdf Source...

Thank you! So, it would be reasonable to say that companies such as Intel design their processors using HDL which is synthesized into a netlist for fabrication.

Thank you! I was further reading to clarify the point if modern mainstream processors are designed using HDL and I'm somewhat more confused now but I agree with you that some simple processors could be designed onto an FPGA etc. I have boldfaced the important parts; the confusing part is in red...

Could anyone help me with Question 2?

Thank you. I agree with you. Also, I think the word "often" plays an important role in that text.

Hi, I need to clarify few points about the text quoted below. I'd appreciate it if you could help me with the queries. Source: Computer Applications to Library By Kole Lambert, Page #169 Question 1: It says, "For embedded systems, the highest performance levels are often not needed or...

Sorry. In post #10 I made a mistake. I intended to use the word "geometry" instead of "symmetry". What do you mean by ""closed universe"? Is it the universe with spherical symmetry geometry? Could you please clarify?

Are you talking about three different possible geometries of the universe: flat, saddle, spherical? More info:https://map.gsfc.nasa.gov/media/030639/index.html

Thank you, everyone, for the help! What do you mean by ""closed universe"? Is it the universe with spherical symmetry? Could you please clarify? I think you're saying that in a closed universe (assuming it's the one with spherical symmetry) where the dark energy (which I take equivalent to...

Hi, Also, I read this article, What Do You Mean, The Universe Is Flat? (Part I), on Scientific American; URL: https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/degrees-of-freedom/httpblogsscientificamericancomdegrees-of-freedom20110725what-do-you-mean-the-universe-is-flat-part-i/ I have few questions about...

Hi again, Since some women contributors were mentioned so I thought to share it here. The Forgotten History Of The Women Who Programmed The First Modern Computer, URL: https://www.codecademy.com/resources/blog/eniac-six-women-programmed-computer/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ENIAC#Programming

Thank you! Yes, Turing contributed toward the development of Bombe Machine as was stated earlier; Gordon Welchman also did great work and also wrote the letter to Churchill to explain him the importance of their work and fund them to complete the work. Colossus Computer was Tommy Flowers' baby...

Thank you. I agree with you. I'd still say that sometimes it's good to dig the story a little deeper to see all the main characters who made important contributions rather than just one or two pampered children of history. Agreed, again. But in the given case Gordon Welchman and Tommy Flowers...

I think you are indirectly saying that I didn't try to handle the question directly. I agree with you. I didn't feel qualified enough to do that and my writing skills aren't that good. I included some relevant material to make the point. Gordon Welchman did an equally important work and, in my...

Hi, Is Alan Turing given too much credit when it comes to computers? He is presented as someone who played a pivotal role with the realization of a computer. What Turing did as an answer to Hilbert's problem was a great achievement from mathematical point of view. Alan Turing was mathematician...

Fig 1 shows spectra for a blackbody at different temperatures. Fig 2 shows relative number of molecules and their speeds at different temperature. I understand a blackbody is a solid object and the molecules in Fig 2 are gaseous molecules. Is it okay to make a relation between two figures? In...

Thank you! I think I get your point. The radiation or photons coming out of orifice in Fig 1 is better representative of the range of photons (i.e. wavelength) emitted at a certain temperature T for a blackbody. On the other hand, if one analyzes the photons coming out from the circled area...

Thanks! Are you suggest a ball made up of pure light?! I think the light won't fall back to Earth but yes, it'd get red-shifted on its way moving away from earth. Thank you! So, according to Minkowski spacetime diagram, the 'physical' ball really moves hundreds of thousands of kilometers in...

I think one can define 'c' as anything but does the 'physical' ball really move hundreds of thousands of kilometers in any 'real' time direction over its one second journey in the air?

Thank you! It still doesn't make much sense to me but it's my own shortcomings to be blamed. How is the ball moving at hundreds of thousands of kilometers in the time direction? Th quote below says that Milky Way is moving at the speed of 2.1 million miles per hour is 938.784 km/s. If this...

Hi, The quote below has been taken from this article, https://math.ucr.edu/home/baez/einstein/node2.html, which I came across. The quote doesn't make any sense to me, especially the part in boldface. Could you please help me with it?

Thank you! Question 1: Doesn't a cavity blackbody source only support a certain wavelengths which are integer multiples of each other? If that's true, the generated spectrum would be discrete at magnifying level. Question 2: This question is about the quote given below. The quote implies that...

Thank you, everyone! The following quotes are taken from post #18. I though to rephrase my above question. The following, cavity with a hole, is a widely used model for a blackbody. The wavelength of radio waves could be in millimeter and kilometer range. Isn't the cavity size going to...

Thank you! So, it's safe to say that it's located somewhere between the present radius, 46.5 billion light-years, of the visible universe and the radius of future visibility limit which is 62 billion light-years. Could someone please comment on Question 5?

Thanks a lot for the help. It wouldn't be wrong to say that it still starts with the pattern(s) created by the incoming light on the receptor cells in retina. The decoding/processing and pattern recognition parts could be done in different places such as brain. I think the system could be...

Hi, How does a human eye classify any shape as a circle, square, triangle etc.? Let's focus on a circular shape. Suppose we have a circle drawn in white on a black surface. The light falls on the retinal cells. I think the light falling on the retina will constitute a circular shape as well...

Thanks a lot, everyone! Could you please also comment on Question 5 and Question 6?

Thank you, everyone, for the help! Appreciate it. The following was my reply to @DrClaude in post #6. Could someone please confirm if I had it correct? If spectrum of a blackbody peaks at, say, frequency of f=10 kHz at temperature of 400 K. How will such a spectrum relate to a non-ideal...

I thought about it before posting it in classical physics section. Since my questions were not about quantum aspect therefore I decided to post in classical physics section.

The following quote describes emissivity. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emissivity I like the blackbody spectrum shown below. It does not seem to extend toward infinity. Source: drive.google.com /file/d/1-7N41adtomur-L8c-lat0UmVCiScTsJl/view?usp=sharing This source...

Hi, I have some questions about cosmic microwave background radiation, CMB, and I thought it's better to ask them together. I have combined all related content for each question to make the question clearer, understandable, and to provide proper context for any person like who stumbles upon...

I agree with you. I was already confused about the unit W/m^3 in this context since this unit was used in the figure used for Question 1 along y-axis.

Thank you, @DrClaude! I'm glad you asked me about this. I think it has to do with the standing waves in a cavity. I think a metallic cavity of an appropriate size could be used which radiates also radio waves since the surface of metal could act nodes for the standing waves.