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This is a basic conundrum that has bothered me for years: if you or a species like you is "adapted" to Twice Gravity (or any other multiple of 9.8m/2 squared) and your life functions and capacities are near identical, How strong/fast are you? Compared to 1G? See, this is the issue of mass vs...

For example: https://www.laserfocusworld.com/test-measurement/research/article/16566273/scientists-develop-saseran-acoustic-laserthat-produces-terahertz-sound-waves Can these devices produce ionizing radiation? I understand ultrasound traditionally does not produce ionizing radiation, but I am...

I'm trying to understand if the amount of effort/energy required to get to absolute zero approaches infinity, or if its a linear thing... is there a point in which dropping near 0 kelvin changes from a 1:1 to an exponential curve? Is the whole thing a curve or is there a static point, like 1...

Wiki said "Arnold Sommerfeld calculated that, for a 1s orbital electron of a hydrogen atom with an orbiting radius of 0.0529 nm, α ≈ 1/137. That is to say, the fine-structure constant shows the electron traveling at nearly 1/137 the speed of light.[9] One can extend this to a larger element with...

this.

Hypothetical scenario and I'm trying to understand the velocity of the air as it tries to equalize with a large vacuum. I presume this model isn't very much different from an initial loss of 1 atmosphere pressure in space via some puncture. I'm mainly concerned with the immediate wind speeds and...

From a grinding wheel, I'm able to intuit that as an object increases in speed, the amount of friction inch per inch is constant, while the total friction occurring per second increases, and that increases heat, which can lead to friction welding. So I am trying to understand the other...

right, so a simple machine comparison, let's revise how this is being asked, as briggs seems closer to what I'm asking. if you had an axle with a radius of 11" and a wheel of radius 12" wrapped around it, (11/12) (no ball bearings), so you have direct contact, and friction as the wheel rolls...

So say I've got a wheel who's outer radius is 12" and the radius of the axle is 1.5", so the simple machine here is an 8 to 1 ratio. So I am wondering, since 1/2mv^2 is for kinetic energy, and the velocity here is 1/8th, does it mean the friction is 1/8th or 1/64th? does it get 1/8th hotter or...

Recently the media had a buzz about the testing of spiders ballooning on electrostatic or magnetic and wind currents. Scientists were able to cause the spiders to lift and descend by changing the electric field in the air. So I'm wondering, if that's true then does the "wing" (in this case fine...

I was taking notes recently for delta y/ delta x and noticed there's more than one way to skin a cat... or is there? I saw the leibniz dy/dx, the triangle of change i was taught to use for "difference" Δy/Δx, and the mirror six ∂f/∂x which is some sort of partial differential or something...

ok, so, to clarify vertical rule applies to y = f(x) = x^2+x^4+x^6... y = f(x) = x^1+x^3+x^5... or a combination of any of these, and because they are not subject to a horizontal rule, they are still functions... But, horizontal rule applies to x = f(y) = y^2+y^4+y^6... x = f(y) =...

https://ibb.co/nOQSES here's a comparison graph of what my brain was thinking but had turned 90 degrees. So do functions of y exist and do the rules for non functions remain vertical lines or do they switch to horizontal lines?

ah, i was thinking with a rotation of 90 degrees with my x and y reversed (in blender Z is vertical and X and Y are subjective) f(y) doesn't work with the above formulas if a function is canceled by a vertical line. for example: x = y^3, x = y^1, x = y^3+y^5, x = y^3+y^7 all of these produce...

So if i take the rules that a straight vertical line drawn through the function with more than one intersection implies it is not a function, to mean that the quadratic equation for a circle is not a function. Furthermore, it also implies a cubic equation, such as x^3 can be a function, because...

Hi, I'm trying to find the way that light (sunlight?) distorts through a lens with a diameter of 1, if the lens has the shape of a semicircle (width of 1/2), and if the lens has the shape of a Vesica Piscis (width of 1/√3). if you need units, yards works. I'm also curious about how that light...

if it didn't sound weird, how could it possibly be inconceivable? There's a philosophy term for this stuff "Noumenal" stuff we aren't supposed to make sense of.

I have been to that wiki article and could not find where it labeled itself symbolically. Did find this: under this other wiki article: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absolute_Infinite "The Absolute Infinite (symbol: Ω) is an extension of the idea of infinity proposed by mathematician Georg...

I'm writing some notes on set theory, Aleph Null, etc., and was wondering if there's a Notation or Symbol that abbreviates this (inaccessible/strong/uncountable etc. cardinals). I'm not sure if I've seen notation before but it seems like symbols resembling Theta and phi have been used.

it is true that it has some octagonal properties, but what's really interesting is how it expresses an X^2 expansion using a 3/6 side. There's an infinite number of surfaces, as you go further and further up, each is half the height and 1/4 the surface area of the previous. From the top, if you...

I used to think it was called Zeno's tower, but then realized I probably called it that because it reminded me of his paradox. I have been unable to find this shape on the internet, although I saw a small steel tower outside Stonybrook using this geometry. I have attached an image of the basic...

every vertex must have the same number of closest points. That's the problem. A Pyramid can seem equidistant with a length of one, but doesn't conform to sphere geometry like a tetrahedron would.

I've been trying to wrap my head around equidistant points, like platonic solid vertices inside a sphere where the points touch the sphere surface. This led me to the strange and unusual world of mathematical degeneracy, henagons, dihedrons, and so on, along with the lingering question of...

Recently the Bugatti Chiron set a record of some sort for rapidly accelerating to 249 mph and then dropping back down. The engine is something to the effect of 1500 horsepower and the vehicle isn't terribly heavy. Old Airplanes had engines below 400 horsepower and ultra lights can be far less...

Things you might want to address on Tesla, if you can find photos/diagrams and/or news articles. * an electric car * the remote control boat used at the world's fair (you definitely want to mention that and his hydroelectric dam work at Niagra) * Radar and his work for the navy * and the strange...

I was thinking about retro rockets for landing and how precise they have to be, but then i thought "you could stabilize the whole thing with a gyroscope". Then I realized the gyroscope would cause the landing shipment to rotate in the opposite direction. So I thought, hey, why not two...

Yeah agreed, when i was doing a 3.5mm tooth, i ended up using 1.75 addendum, 1.75 dedendum, and the radius (the circle between) was somewhere in the two, but larger by 1.75mm i think (I played around with it for a while). This was a design for a mini drill press. :)

I used to know this back when i worked with Flash animation, but I'm working on a 3D printer now and I've forgotten, when you have a set of teeth, on a linear shaft and a gear, do you base the unrolling of the gear, for the spacing, on the inside of the teeth, the outside of the teeth, or the...

I do not understand what Lk and Cww means so i have no idea if they will go up. I was wondering though if there were any pros to match whatever cons the alternative coiling method might have, and how the magnetic field lines would look different. :)

here's 3 crude Images to explain what I mean by method 1. Each coil connects to the second coil, but they swap connecting points from inside to outside to inside repeatedly from one disk to the next.

OK, so imagine you have a wire coiling over itself, in a near concentric spiral. When you get to the outer most edge, such as 10 or 100 wrappings depending on thickness, you then bend the wire so it's one diameter of the wire over and then start spiraling inward, till you get to the smallest...

When I was at Columbia, we had a Physics and Philosophy course taught by the guy who appeared on "What the Bleep do we Know?". It was my understanding from other students that the quantum mechanics professor didn't have the highest opinion of his interpretation of QM. Ergo, as Russ says, go...

thank you both! I was definitely overthinking it. The numbers aren't squared when doing the fraction portion to calculate phase angle. it's just the bigger number minus the smaller number in C & L, and then divide by R. Once i have that value, 1. type in the (probably decimal) value into the...

So I got to the part of my math/engineering textbook on vectors and scalars, and I've got to calculate phase angles and voltage. I see this equation, and I've tried doing it different ways but I don't get correct answers. tanθ=XL−XC / XR Angle θ represents the phase angle between the current...

I'm going to guess "switch line" is some kind of hybrid jargon of "line" and PSU switch, or some other switch. R Terminal probably came out of automotive circuits. http://www.mightyram50.net/vbulletin/showwiki.php?title=Electrical+System:The+Starter+plus+R+and+S+Terminals So to clear things up...

OK, so I've gone through probably 90 tutorials on electricity and related topics, and there's a bundle of terms I ran into, used by people ages 12-80 with a dozen different accents and twice as many time zones. (So I'm not sure how many terms are universal and how many are provincial). Live...

Wikipedia articles are Gibberish, not informative. from what I got out of that they imagined Pi from thin air and then applied it to S_n(R) = S_n R^n and n-sphere in (n + 1)-dimensional Euclidean... which from what I am reading says n = 4 since that's my happy dimension to start with, and 4+1...

I'm wondering how to scale up the surface area of a sphere of 6 million meters in radius, into a hypersphere of similar radius (i.e. a Hyper Earth). I would also like to know the ratio. I would like to know the basic value in 4th dimension, but knowing values for 5th, 6th, and higher would...

I seem to recall it is possible to change a wave's frequency, pattern, and amplitude by adding another wave to it. Is it possible to add a second wave to a Sine wave to turn it into a cosine wave of the same amplitude and how would you do this? I'm thinking if I had an amplitude 1 for the...

what happens to a body of water when coming in contact with plasma - such as the plasma cutters? I've been thinking if you had a cylinder filled with some water and something like a plasma "spark plug" you could get some serious vapor pressure. Is this an accurate estimation, or am I way...

Update: I fiddled with the series for a while and discovered (probably to no one's surprise) that the difference between the sum of any two integers such as ~11 and ~12, or between ~15 and ~16 is a ratio of total fractions approaching e (2.7182818...) Here's a small list of the final "k"...

Hi, I was thinking about the graviton ride at amusement parks - the one that sort of simulates the feeling of gravity by spinning. I was wondering if the pressure between two objects (such as your head and the surface when spinning around) is potentially useful in terms of power generation, via...

hi, im trying to find out how to get the inverse of the series 1/1+1/2+1/3+1/4... i know the output of 30 is approximately 3.99 and 450 is around 6.6, but I'd like to be able to find the fraction range for outputs of numbers such as 10, 20, and 72. The online series calculators tend to die...

thanks for not dodging the question. For the rest, an average body type can be found using military tables and BTM indexes such as those in in health magazines or ezines. One of the ways fat ratio can be measured is specifically with submersion in water.

assuming a human being with average body type and health, how fast does a human being fall through water from the surface? what is the terminal velocity and what is it reached at? I've been trying to find answers everywhere but can't get a straight answer. These calculations would be useful...

thank you much ^^ (1/6)[7(7+1)(14+1)] = 7x8x15 = 140. (1/6)[n(n+1)(2n+1)]. the book said: 1/6n(n+2)(2n+1) as you can clearly see, the equation (page 127 of kingdom of infinite number) is flawed, perhaps a typo, but changing n+1 to n+2 screwed up all the results I got from it and...

I was reading book on numbers and it had an equation for 1^2+2^2+3^2+4^2+5^2... but I worked out the equation several times with different integers and they didn't appear to work at all. Does anyone know the equation for finding the total sum if the base sum (such as 5 above) is known?

the solution to the Olber Paradox was proposed by Edgar Allen Poe, not a mathematician.

thanks everyone for the help. notation 1: concerning derivatives - i had a vague idea of derivatives from a book called "calculus made easy" but got deadlocked at delta/change which I later learned in Macroeconomics. I didn't learn what a "Sigma/sum" was until physics, and only an hour ago...

is that a real question or sarcasm? I was never trained formally in mathematics beyond the algebra level, and learned what was necessary for my science classes. My calculus book is called "Calculus". its the 3rd edition of Stewart from 1995 and was a gift from long ago. I just started reading...