Acoustic phonon lifetime is larger than optical phonon?

In summary, acoustic and optical phonons are two types of lattice vibrations in a solid material, with acoustic phonons associated with sound waves and optical phonons associated with light absorption/emission. The longer lifetime of acoustic phonons can be attributed to their lower energies and longer wavelengths, resulting in weaker interactions with the lattice. This lifetime can also be affected by factors such as temperature, impurities, defects, and crystal structure, which in turn can affect the thermal conductivity of a material. Additionally, the lifetime of acoustic phonons can be modified by altering these factors, potentially impacting the thermal conductivity of the material.
  • #1
leftbank007
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for example, in GaAs, the LA phonon lifetime can be ~850 ns, while LO phonon lifetime is only about 5 ps. Why such huge difference occurs? Thanks!
 
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  • #2
The large difference in lifetimes for LA and LO phonons in GaAs is due to the differences in the way they interact with the lattice. LO phonons interact mainly through anharmonic processes, which are much faster than the harmonic processes responsible for the longer lifetime of LA phonons. Anharmonic interactions involve more complex energy exchange mechanisms, which generally lead to a shorter lifetime.
 

FAQ: Acoustic phonon lifetime is larger than optical phonon?

What is the difference between acoustic and optical phonons?

Acoustic and optical phonons are two types of lattice vibrations in a solid material. Acoustic phonons are associated with the propagation of sound waves, while optical phonons are associated with the absorption or emission of light.

Why is the acoustic phonon lifetime longer than the optical phonon lifetime?

This is because acoustic phonons have lower energies and longer wavelengths compared to optical phonons. This results in weaker interactions with the surrounding lattice, leading to a longer lifetime.

What factors affect the lifetime of acoustic phonons?

The lifetime of acoustic phonons can be affected by various factors such as temperature, impurities, defects, and crystal structure. These factors can influence the strength of the interactions between the acoustic phonons and the lattice, affecting their lifetime.

How does the lifetime of acoustic phonons affect the thermal conductivity of a material?

The longer lifetime of acoustic phonons allows them to travel longer distances before scattering, resulting in a higher thermal conductivity of the material. This is because acoustic phonons are responsible for the transfer of heat through a material.

Can the lifetime of acoustic phonons be modified?

Yes, the lifetime of acoustic phonons can be modified by altering the factors that affect their interactions with the lattice. For example, adding impurities or defects to a material can decrease the acoustic phonon lifetime, leading to a decrease in thermal conductivity.

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