What Is the Final Temperature in an Adiabatically Expanded Air Chamber?

[CAF123]

Homework Statement

Consider an isolated evacuated chamber. A small adiabatic valve is opened so that the air enters the chamber slowly from the atmosphere. What is the final temperature of the air inside the chamber once it has reached atmospheric pressure? Assume air is an ideal gas with $\gamma = 1.4$. The air outside the chamber forms a reservoir at P = 1atm and constant temperature 298K throughout.

Homework Equations

Free expansion, Ideal Gas, Adiabatic process.

The Attempt at a Solution

I think I may consider this problem to consist of a two partitioned system with the vacuum on one side and the air on another. As the air enters the chamber, it does no work since there is no external agent inside the chamber hindering the expansion. I think this is then a free expansion of air, which means the temperature difference is given by $\Delta T = \int_{V_i}^{V_f} \left(\frac{\partial T}{\partial V}\right)_U dV = \frac{P_o}{nR} \int_{V_i}^{V_f} dV$

My problem is in writing expressions for $V_i$ and $V_f$. Take the system to be the number of moles, $n$ in the chamber that have expanded adiabatically. I can write $V_i = nRT_1/P_o$, and $V_f = nRT_2/P_o$ and the expansion of those n moles can be written as $P_oV_i^{\gamma} = P_oV_f^{\gamma}$ for the initial and final states.

I have tried reexpressing the equations above but I always end up with things like T₁=T₂.

Many thanks.

 

[CAF123]

Does anyone have any hints on how to progress?
Thanks.

 

[Chestermiller]

Does anyone have any hints on how to progress?
Thanks.

I haven't worked the problem out completely yet, but I've made some progress, and I'm sure I'm on the right track. The first question to ask yourself is "what is the change in enthalpy of the air (assumed to be an ideal gas) as it passes through the valve from the outside pressure and temperature to the instantaneous pressure within the chamber at time t during the process? I assume you have been studying the first law applied to flow systems in your course.

Chet

 

[CAF123]

I haven't worked the problem out completely yet, but I've made some progress, and I'm sure I'm on the right track. The first question to ask yourself is "what is the change in enthalpy of the air (assumed to be an ideal gas) as it passes through the valve from the outside pressure and temperature to the instantaneous pressure within the chamber at time t during the process? I assume you have been studying the first law applied to flow systems in your course.

The enthalpy of the air before release into chamber is $h_i = u_i + P_0T_1$, where $P_0 =$ 1 bar and $T_1 = 298K$.

At the end of the process where pressure inside chamber = pressure outside = atmospheric pressure, $h_f = u_f + P_oT_f$.

The first law in this case is $Q +W = \Delta E$. where $\Delta E$ is the change in internal energy of the gas, and bulk kinetic energy. I think the LHS of this equation is zero (chamber is thermally insulated and as said in OP, no work done since the flow is a free expansion.)

So, $u_f + P_oT_f = -(u_i + P_oT_i)$ This eqn has 3 unknowns. I might be able to obtain expressions for the $u_i$ using U=(f/2)nRT, by making some assumptions on f, but this will not use the constant $\gamma$ anywhere in my calculations.

Many thanks.

 

[Chestermiller]

The enthalpy of the air before release into chamber is $h_i = u_i + P_0T_1$, where $P_0 =$ 1 bar and $T_1 = 298K$.

At the end of the process where pressure inside chamber = pressure outside = atmospheric pressure, $h_f = u_f + P_oT_f$.

The first law in this case is $Q +W = \Delta E$. where $\Delta E$ is the change in internal energy of the gas, and bulk kinetic energy. I think the LHS of this equation is zero (chamber is thermally insulated and as said in OP, no work done since the flow is a free expansion.)

So, $u_f + P_oT_f = -(u_i + P_oT_i)$ This eqn has 3 unknowns. I might be able to obtain expressions for the $u_i$ using U=(f/2)nRT, by making some assumptions on f, but this will not use the constant $\gamma$ anywhere in my calculations.

Many thanks.

Check your thermo book in the section on the first law applied to flow systems. For the case of an ideal gas flowing through an adiabatic valve, the change in enthalpy (per mole) is zero. This means that the temperature of the air entering the chamber through the valve is the same as it was prior to entering the valve (298). What's happening mechanistically is that the cooling associated with expansion of the gas through the valve is exactly canceled by the frictional heating (viscous heating) of the gas as it passes through the valve (for an ideal gas). Anyway, each parcel of air that enters the chamber through the valve is going to have the same temperature as the air outside, and approximately the same pressure as the air already residing in the chamber at the time that the parcel enters. As more air enters the chamber, the air previously there is going to be compressed (to make room), and the temperature of the air within the chamber will increase with time. Finally, when the pressure within the chamber matches the pressure outside (1 atm), air will stop entering, and the temperature of the air will be higher than outside. See if you can figure out how to take this into account.

Chet

 

[CAF123]

Check your thermo book in the section on the first law applied to flow systems. For the case of an ideal gas flowing through an adiabatic valve, the change in enthalpy (per mole) is zero. This means that the temperature of the air entering the chamber through the valve is the same as it was prior to entering the valve (298). What's happening mechanistically is that the cooling associated with expansion of the gas through the valve is exactly canceled by the frictional heating (viscous heating) of the gas as it passes through the valve (for an ideal gas). Anyway, each parcel of air that enters the chamber through the valve is going to have the same temperature as the air outside, and approximately the same pressure as the air already residing in the chamber at the time that the parcel enters. As more air enters the chamber, the air previously there is going to be compressed (to make room), and the temperature of the air within the chamber will increase with time. Finally, when the pressure within the chamber matches the pressure outside (1 atm), air will stop entering, and the temperature of the air will be higher than outside. See if you can figure out how to take this into account.

Chet

So as the chamber becomes filled by air, the air yet to come inside will do work on the air already inside. The air outside is at a pressure P₀ so the amount of work done by a parcel of air entering will be P₀ multiplied by the amount that the air parcel compresses the air inside. I am not quite sure how to express this change in volume in terms of known quantities.

My book didn't say anything about change in enthalpy = 0 for adiabatic flow of an ideal gas. Is this observation key?

Thank you,

 

[Chestermiller]

So as the chamber becomes filled by air, the air yet to come inside will do work on the air already inside. The air outside is at a pressure P₀ so the amount of work done by a parcel of air entering will be P₀ multiplied by the amount that the air parcel compresses the air inside. I am not quite sure how to express this change in volume in terms of known quantities.

Not exactly. The pressure of the gas at the entrance to the valve is P₀, but, because of the frictional pressure drop through the valve, the pressure of the gas exiting the valve into the chamber is P, where P is the pressure of the gas within the chamber. The pressure and temperature within the chamber after n moles have entered is P and T. The pressure and temperature of the next new parcel of gas leaving the valve and entering the chamber is P and T₀. [/quote]

My book didn't say anything about change in enthalpy = 0 for adiabatic flow of an ideal gas. Is this observation key?

Thank you,

See section 2.6 of Smith and Van Ness, Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics. In this case, the focus of the analysis is the valve, for which the change in enthalpy per mole of gas passing through is zero.

 

[CAF123]

Not exactly. The pressure of the gas at the entrance to the valve is P₀, but, because of the frictional pressure drop through the valve, the pressure of the gas exiting the valve into the chamber is P, where P is the pressure of the gas within the chamber. The pressure and temperature within the chamber after n moles have entered is P and T. The pressure and temperature of the next new parcel of gas leaving the valve and entering the chamber is P and T₀.

The pressure and temperature of say, an amount N moles of air before flowing through the valve is P₀ and T₀. When it leaves the valve, thereby entering the chamber it is at a pressure and temperature P and T. In terms of equations, after some manipulation I obtain $T_0P_0^{\frac{1}{\gamma}-1}=TP^{\frac{1}{\gamma}-1}$ since the valve is adiabatic. So I have the temperature of the chamber as a function of the pressure within the chamber. Is this progress?
Thanks.

 

[Chestermiller]

The pressure and temperature of say, an amount N moles of air before flowing through the valve is P₀ and T₀. When it leaves the valve, thereby entering the chamber it is at a pressure and temperature P and T. In terms of equations, after some manipulation I obtain $T_0P_0^{\frac{1}{\gamma}-1}=TP^{\frac{1}{\gamma}-1}$ since the valve is adiabatic. So I have the temperature of the chamber as a function of the pressure within the chamber. Is this progress?
Thanks.

Sorry CAF123. When it leaves the valve, it is at the chamber pressure P, but, since its enthalpy hasn't changed in passing through the valve, its temperature is still T₀. You can't apply the equation to adiabatic reversible expansion for the valve because of the extra temperature rise as a result of viscous (frictional) heating. This just cancels out the temperature drop resulting from the adiabatic expansion. One of the keys to this problem is first recognizing that the gas temperature (and enthalpy) of the gas does not change in passing through the valve.

I have completed my solution to this problem and have a final answer. If you have an answer key, you can check it. That way you can possibly gain more confidence that what I'm saying is correct.

Incidentally, the remainder of this problem is not very simple either. You need to consider what happens when each little incremental number of moles of gas enters the chamber.

I really strongly encourage you to look up what happens in flow situations when a gas is flowing through a valve, with a pressure drop occurs across the valve. Check out the section in Wikipedia on the Joule-Thompson Effect entitled "Proof that the Specific Enthalpy Remains Constant."

 

[CAF123]

Ok, I'll try again.
Consider some intermediate step of the process, with some air already inside the chamber. The work done on the gas from other gas outside the chamber is P₀V₁ (and at temperature of gas outside is a constant T₀). The work done by the gas from outside the chamber, compressing the gas inside is PV₂ (the gas inside is at a temperature T).
Net work by gas = PV₂-P₀V₁

I can then write the first law as u_f - u_i + PV₂ -P₀V₁ = 0. Rearrange to give u_f + RT = u_i + RT₀, where quantities are per mole.

I am not really sure how to progress from here. I spoke to my professor today and he said that with the right choice of system, the problem becomes relatively trivial. My choice of system would be the n moles that expand adiabatically. Before the release into the chamber, the gas is at a pressure P₀ and T₀, Ultimately, it is at a pressure P₀ again, but at some higher T. This is the approach I took in the OP, but that didn't lead me anywhere either.

I have done another problem with the gas initially in a chamber expanding out into the surroundings which, I think, may be solved in a similar manner. Would this be correct?

Also, I don't have access to the answer key, but I do trust what you're saying

 

[Chestermiller]

I admire your tenacity. It is great that you have been putting such determined thought into this.

I don't know what your professor meant when he said that, by proper choice of the system, the problem becomes relatively trivial. Maybe I did not discover what his proper choice of system was. However, I'm pretty confident that I got the right answer doing it my way. So let me get you started.

After n moles have entered the chamber, let P_n and T_n be the pressure and temperature of the gas already in the chamber. P_n and T_n are related to one another and to the chamber volume V by the ideal gas law.

Now we are going to add Δn moles to the chamber through the inlet valve. The pressure of this gas parcel is P and the temperature of this gas parcel is T₀. This parcel is going to mix with the gas already in the chamber (so the temperatures will have a tendency to equilibrate), but both the parcel and the gas already in the container are also going to have to compress a little so that they can both fit into the constant volume chamber (this compression will tend to raise their temperature).

To accommodate both these mechanisms for a tiny parcel Δn, we can envision a two step process.

Step 1: The gas parcel enters the chamber, and mixes with the n moles of gas previously present in the chamber at constant pressure P, such that the final temperature of the mixture is at an intermediate temperature value T* (determined by equilibration of the temperatures). This mixing process cannot occur at constant pressure P unless we temporarily allow the volume of the gas within the chamber to rise to a new value V*. At the end to Step 1, the parcel is well mixed with the gas in the chamber, and they form a single entity of n + Δn moles at T*, P, and V*.

Step 2: In reality, the volume of the chamber is fixed, and cannot increase to V*. So we need to adiabatically compress the n + Δn moles of gas at T*, P, and V* down until the volume is again V. (This is where the γ comes in). Let the final conditions of the n + Δn moles of gas after this adiabatic compression has taken place be given by P_n+Δn, T_n+Δn, and V.

After doing the analysis for this two step process, we will take the limit as Δn becomes small, and end up with a differential equation for the derivative of the pressure P with respect to n. This equation will be readily integrated from P = 0 to P = P₀ to find the final number of moles n. From this integrated result, we can determine the final temperature using the ideal gas law.

Why don't you start out by analyzing Step 1, and determining T* and V*? Let us know what you get.

Chet

 

[D H]

I am not really sure how to progress from here. I spoke to my professor today and he said that with the right choice of system, the problem becomes relatively trivial.

Rhetorical question: How does this differ from the standard free expansion setup, a pair of vessels connected by a valve, isolated from the external environment, one vessel initially containing a gas, and the other evacuated? In this standard setup, that the gas is isolated from the environment means there is no work, no heat transfer, and thus no change in the energy of the gas. Therefore there is no change in temperature (assuming an ideal gas).

I have tried reexpressing the equations above but I always end up with things like T₁=T₂.

Which is what you should get. Only you did it the hard way.

 

[CAF123]

After n moles have entered the chamber, let P_n and T_n be the pressure and temperature of the gas already in the chamber. P_n and T_n are related to one another and to the chamber volume V by the ideal gas law.

Now we are going to add Δn moles to the chamber through the inlet valve. The pressure of this gas parcel is P and the temperature of this gas parcel is T₀. This parcel is going to mix with the gas already in the chamber (so the temperatures will have a tendency to equilibrate), but both the parcel and the gas already in the container are also going to have to compress a little so that they can both fit into the constant volume chamber (this compression will tend to raise their temperature).

To accommodate both these mechanisms for a tiny parcel Δn, we can envision a two step process.

Step 1: The gas parcel enters the chamber, and mixes with the n moles of gas previously present in the chamber at constant pressure P, such that the final temperature of the mixture is at an intermediate temperature value T* (determined by equilibration of the temperatures). This mixing process cannot occur at constant pressure P unless we temporarily allow the volume of the gas within the chamber to rise to a new value V*. At the end to Step 1, the parcel is well mixed with the gas in the chamber, and they form a single entity of n + Δn moles at T*, P, and V*.

Why don't you start out by analyzing Step 1, and determining T* and V*? Let us know what you get.

So the final volume may be expressed as V* = (n+Δn)RT*/P. The gas parcel enters the chamber at a pressure P, so it does work in expanding the gas from V_n to V*. W for a constant pressure process is W=P(V*-V_n) = P(V*-nRT_n/P_n). By the first law, this is equal to the change in internal energy of the gas.
T*-T_n is the change in T when Δn moles have been added.

 

[CAF123]

Rhetorical question: How does this differ from the standard free expansion setup, a pair of vessels connected by a valve, isolated from the external environment, one vessel initially containing a gas, and the other evacuated? In this standard setup, that the gas is isolated from the environment means there is no work, no heat transfer, and thus no change in the energy of the gas. Therefore there is no change in temperature (assuming an ideal gas).

When I was discussing this today in class, this is what I and some of my classmates were getting confused about. Are the differences being that the gas entering the chamber comes from a reservoir and there is no boundary to the partition where the air resides initially. I think that the very first parcel of air that moves into the chamber will have to do zero work (expansion against vacuum) but as the number of moles increases in the chamber, since V is fixed, T must increase.

Which is what you should get. Only you did it the hard way.

I am not sure what you mean here.

 

[D H]

I am not sure what you mean here.

What I mean is that the temperature doesn't change. There are a number of easy ways to arrive at that conclusion. You picked a hard way to arrive at that same conclusion.

 

[Chestermiller]

Rhetorical question: How does this differ from the standard free expansion setup, a pair of vessels connected by a valve, isolated from the external environment, one vessel initially containing a gas, and the other evacuated? In this standard setup, that the gas is isolated from the environment means there is no work, no heat transfer, and thus no change in the energy of the gas. Therefore there is no change in temperature (assuming an ideal gas).

Well, for one thing, in this situation, the total volume of the two "containers" housing the gas decreases. Initially, you have the chamber of volume V which is under vacuum, plus you have the volume of the gas outside the chamber that will eventually enter the chamber. Finally, you just have the volume V of the chamber. None of the gas that entered is outside anymore. [/quote]

 

[Chestermiller]

So the final volume may be expressed as V* = (n+Δn)RT*/P_n. The gas parcel enters the chamber at a pressure P, so it does work in expanding the gas from V_n to V*. W for a constant pressure process is W=P(V*-V_n) = P(V*-nRT_n/P_n). By the first law, this is equal to the change in internal energy of the gas.
T*-T_n is the change in T when Δn moles have been added.

In Step 1, if the n moles at temperature T_n are mixed with the Δn moles at temperature T₀ (at constant pressure P_n), the temperature T* will be
$$T^*=\frac{nT_n+(Δn)T_0}{n+Δn}$$
This can also be substituted into your equation for V* to obtain:
V*=(nT_n+(Δn)T₀)R/P_n

Now, you are up to Step 2. You are adiabatically compressing air from a volume of V* at pressure P_n to a volume V at pressure P_n+Δn. In terms of γ, what is the relationship between V*, P_n, V, and P_n+Δn?

 

[Chestermiller]

Good news CAF123. I finally figured out the system your professor was alluding to. And it's very easy to do the problem by working with this system (even though you get the exact same answer as I did with my more detailed and complicated approach). His system consists of the total n moles of air that eventually enter the chamber plus the chamber itself. If n moles of air enter the chamber, the starting volume of these n moles of air is nRT₀/P₀. The idea is to solve for n. The surrounding air does nRT₀ amount of work on the system when it drives the n moles into the chamber. From the first law, this must be matched by the increase in internal energy of the combined system: nC_v(T_final-T₀). Another constraint is that the ideal gas law must be satisfied in the chamber under the final conditions: nRT_final=P₀V. You eliminate T_final from these equations, and solve for n in terms of P₀,V, T₀, and C_v. In the equation you obtain for n, you will recognize the presence of γ. You then combine this equation with the ideal gas law at the final conditions to obtain T_final in terms of T₀.

 

[Chestermiller]

After further consideration, the solution is even simpler than that. From the first law,

C_v(T_final-T₀)=RT₀.

Just solve for T_final.

 

[CAF123]

His system consists of the total n moles of air that eventually enter the chamber plus the chamber itself.

Is this not the system that I chose initially in the OP? My system in the OP was taken as the n moles that expand adiabatically into the chamber.

The surrounding air does nRT₀ amount of work on the system when it drives the n moles into the chamber

I am still trying to work out how this was obtained. Since W=P₀∫dV => W = P₀(V_f-V_i). If V_fis the total vol occupied by the air at the end and V_i initially (=nRT₀/P₀), wouldn't work=0? Imagining this, I see that work=0 makes no sense, but I don't see it right now from the definition of work. Also if U is proportional to C_V, then does this not assume dV=0, i.e work=0?

The final answer I got was T₀γ. Your method is nice and I would go back to trying it later.

 

[Chestermiller]

I am still trying to work out how this was obtained. Since W=P₀∫dV => W = P₀(V_f-V_i). If V_fis the total vol occupied by the air at the end and V_i initially (=nRT₀/P₀), wouldn't work=0? Imagining this, I see that work=0 makes no sense, but I don't see it right now from the definition of work. Also if U is proportional to C_V, then does this not assume dV=0, i.e work=0?

Imagine that, at any time during the course of the transition from the initial state to the final state, there is an invisible boundary outside the chamber that surrounds the remaining air which will eventually go into the chamber. Initially, this boundary contains the total n moles of gas that go into the chamber, but as time progresses the boundary shrinks, and the number of moles and the volume of air within the boundary also decreases.

Take the system as the combination of the air contained within this invisible boundary plus the air contained within the chamber. Initially, all the n moles are inside the invisible boundary, and no moles are in the chamber. Finally, the invisible boundary has shrunk to zero, the number of moles within it are zero, and its volume is zero; all the n moles are now within the chamber.

If V_i represents the initial volume of the n moles of air contained within the invisible boundary, and V represents the volume of the chamber, the initial volume of our system is V_i+V. The final volume of our system is just V. The amount of work done by the air surrounding the invisible boundary on our system to drive the n moles of gas into the chamber at constant pressure P₀ is W=P₀V_i. From the ideal gas law, this is just nRT₀.

 

[CAF123]

Thanks Chestermiller. Since air is taken to be an ideal gas in this case, I was wondering how realistic the final temperature of the gas inside the chamber is. T_f=T₀γ ≈417K. I would probably say it was too high. My reasoning would be that in reality, air molecules have some finite volume and so less molecules would be able to fit into the box, reducing the total compression per mole. I am not entirely sure of this, however, because then I suppose you could argue that given that the volume is rigid, to get the same number of moles into the chamber as there was in the ideal gas, would require more compression and thus a higher final temperature inside the chamber.

 

[Chestermiller]

Thanks Chestermiller. Since air is taken to be an ideal gas in this case, I was wondering how realistic the final temperature of the gas inside the chamber is. T_f=T₀γ ≈417K. I would probably say it was too high. My reasoning would be that in reality, air molecules have some finite volume and so less molecules would be able to fit into the box, reducing the total compression per mole. I am not entirely sure of this, however, because then I suppose you could argue that given that the volume is rigid, to get the same number of moles into the chamber as there was in the ideal gas, would require more compression and thus a higher final temperature inside the chamber.

It is possible to solve this problem precisely for a non-ideal gas (such as air at several atmospheres) if we have an equation of state (PVT) for air (which of course we do). To do the problem, you need to determine the internal energy of the real gas as a function of both temperature and pressure. The pressure effect can be expressed mathematically in a precise way using the equation of state.

Chet

 

[CAF123]

It is possible to solve this problem precisely for a non-ideal gas (such as air at several atmospheres) if we have an equation of state (PVT) for air (which of course we do). To do the problem, you need to determine the internal energy of the real gas as a function of both temperature and pressure. The pressure effect can be expressed mathematically in a precise way using the equation of state.

I was trying to think more conceptually, is my argument along the right lines?
Also, in the previous post, the change in internal energy was nC_vΔT. Why do we have a C_vhere? If the system was the chamber + n moles originally outside, then doesn't the volume of the system at the end reduce to all the gas in the chamber? So the volume of the combined system has changed?
Thanks.

 

[Chestermiller]

I was trying to think more conceptually, is my argument along the right lines?
Also, in the previous post, the change in internal energy was nC_vΔT. Why do we have a C_vhere? If the system was the chamber + n moles originally outside, then doesn't the volume of the system at the end reduce to all the gas in the chamber? So the volume of the combined system has changed?
Thanks.

For your first question, I don't think that the analysis at higher pressure is as simple to reason out as that. Look up graphs of how the compressibility factor z varies with reduced temperature and reduced pressure.

In terms of your second question, for an ideal gas (irrespective of whether the volume is constant), dU=nC_vdT. This is because, for an ideal gas, the internal energy is a function only of temperature. It depends only on the kinetic energy of the molecules (including vibrational and rotational), which doesn't change when you change the volume.

Chet

 

[tales]

What do you think about this?

$dU=C_{V}dT\\\\ U=\int_{0}^{U}dU=\int_{T_{0}}^{T_{f}}C_{V}dT=C_{V}(T_{f}-T_{0})\\\\ U=\frac{3}{2}nRT\\\\ C_{V}(T_{f}-T_{0})=\frac{3}{2}nRT_{f}\\\\ \frac{C_{V}}{nR}(T_{f}-T_{0})=\frac{3}{2}T_{f}\\\\ \gamma=\frac{C_{P}}{C_{V}}=\frac{C_{V}+nR}{C_{V}}=1+\frac{nR}{C_{V}}\\\\ \frac{nR}{C_{V}}=\gamma-1\\\\ (\gamma-1)(T_{f}-T_{0})=\frac{3}{2}T_{f}\\\\ T_{f}=T_{0}\frac{1}{\frac{5}{2}-\frac{3}{2}\gamma}\\\\ \gamma=1.4\\\\ T_{0}=298K\\\\ T_{f}=745K$

 

[Chestermiller]

What do you think about this?

$dU=C_{V}dT\\\\ U=\int_{0}^{U}dU=\int_{T_{0}}^{T_{f}}C_{V}dT=C_{V}(T_{f}-T_{0})\\\\ U=\frac{3}{2}nRT\\\\ C_{V}(T_{f}-T_{0})=\frac{3}{2}nRT_{f}\\\\ \frac{C_{V}}{nR}(T_{f}-T_{0})=\frac{3}{2}T_{f}\\\\ \gamma=\frac{C_{P}}{C_{V}}=\frac{C_{V}+nR}{C_{V}}=1+\frac{nR}{C_{V}}\\\\ \frac{nR}{C_{V}}=\gamma-1\\\\ (\gamma-1)(T_{f}-T_{0})=\frac{3}{2}T_{f}\\\\ T_{f}=T_{0}\frac{1}{\frac{5}{2}-\frac{3}{2}\gamma}\\\\ \gamma=1.4\\\\ T_{0}=298K\\\\ T_{f}=745K$

Hi Tales. A hearty welcome to Physics Forms.

I hate to ruin your welcome, but there are numerous errors in your development.

1. For an ideal gas, with γ =1.4, U is not $U=\frac{3}{2}nRT$. It is $U=\frac{5}{2}nRT$.
2. As a consequence of the this, for the notation that you are using, $C_V=\frac{5}{2}nR$
3. Your third equation is not consistent with the first law. The term on the right hand side should be the work done in forcing the gas into the valve. This is just nRT₀. There should be no 3/2, and the temperature should be T₀.

Try redoing the problem with those corrections.

Chet