Alignment of Quasar Polarizations 0507274

In summary, the paper finds that quasar polarization vectors are aligned over large regions of the sky, with a comoving length scale of ~ 1.5 Gpc. The mean polarization angle \bar{\theta} appears to rotate with redshift at the rate of ~ 30\degr per Gpc.
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CarlB
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Mapping extreme-scale alignments of quasar polarization vectors

Accepted by Astronomy & Astrophysics; 19 pages, 17 figures. Include Table A1 which will be available via CDS

D. Hutsemekers, R. Cabanac, H. Lamy, D. Sluse

Based on a new sample of 355 quasars with significant optical polarization and using complementary statistical methods, we confirm that quasar polarization vectors are not randomly oriented over the sky with a probability often in excess of 99.9%. The polarization vectors appear coherently oriented or aligned over huge (~ 1 Gpc) regions of the sky located at both low (z ~ 0.5) and high (z ~ 1.5) redshifts and characterized by different preferred directions of the quasar polarization. In fact, there seems to exist a regular alternance along the line of sight of regions of randomly and aligned polarization vectors with a typical comoving length scale of 1.5 Gpc. Furthermore, the mean polarization angle [itex]\bar{\theta}[/itex] appears to rotate with redshift at the rate of ~ 30\degr per Gpc. The symmetry of the the [itex]\bar{\theta}[/itex] -z relation is mirror-like, the mean polarization angle rotating clockwise with increasing redshift in North Galactic hemisphere and counter-clockwise in the South Galactic one. These characteristics make the alignment effect difficult to explain in terms of local mechanisms, namely a contamination by interstellar polarization in our Galaxy. While interpretations like a global rotation of the Universe can potentially explain the effect, the properties we observe qualitatively correspond to the dichroism and birefringence predicted by photon-pseudoscalar oscillation within a magnetic field. Interestingly, the alignment effect seems to be prominent along an axis not far from preferred directions tentatively identified in the CMB maps. Although many questions and more particularly the interpretation of the effect remain open, alignments of quasar polarization vectors appear as a promising new way to probe the Universe and its dark components at extremely large scales.
http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0507274

Interesting. Any comments? It appears to have initially been rejected by Arxiv, then accepted 60 days later. A theoretical paper referenced is here:

The Dynamical Mixing of Light and Pseudoscalar Fields

Sudeep Das, Pankaj Jain, John P. Ralston, Rajib Saha

We solve the general problem of mixing of electromagnetic and scalar or pseudoscalar fields coupled by axion-type interactions [itex]{\cal L}_{int} =g_{\phi} \phi \epsilon_{\mu \nu \a \b}F^{\mu \nu}F^{\a \b}[/itex]. The problem depends on several dimensionful scales, including the magnitude and direction of background magnetic field, the pseudoscalar mass, plasma frequency, propagation frequency, wave number, and finally the pseudoscalar coupling. We apply the results to the first consistent calculations of the mixing of light propagating in a background magnetic field of varying direction, which shows a great variety of fascinating resonant and polarization effects.
http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-ph/0410006

Carl
 
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I haven't been thinking about this for years, thanks for the reminder. The paper has seen a lot of citations; looking through the ones that mention anisotropy, it appears that more of the papers find an effect, but I saw one that put limits around zero. If I were going to study it further, I guess I would read this PhD thesis first, as theses tend to have a lot of explanation useful for noobs. He is still active in the field as of last year and still working on polarizations and quasars:

Cosmic anisotropies from quasars: from polarization to structural-axis alignments
Vincent Pelgrims, Doctoral thesis defended December 15, 2015.
https://arxiv.org/abs/1604.05141
As far as speculative explanations, my first guess is a violation of Newtonian physics at extremely low acceleration i.e. MOND. Maybe an explanation for this is that space-time is not isotropic but instead, at sufficiently small distances, has some sort of lattice structure and this breaks Newton's laws when accelerations are on the order of the MOND acceleration. Or maybe an effect could arise from a lattice structure underlying spacetime. Don't see how.
 
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FAQ: Alignment of Quasar Polarizations 0507274

What is the significance of the alignment of quasar polarizations?

The alignment of quasar polarizations is significant because it suggests the presence of large-scale structures in the universe, such as filaments and voids. This can provide valuable insight into the formation and evolution of these structures.

How was the alignment of quasar polarizations discovered?

The alignment of quasar polarizations was discovered through observations of quasars in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. Researchers noticed a pattern in the polarization angles of these quasars, indicating alignment in a specific direction.

What could be causing the alignment of quasar polarizations?

There are several theories on what could be causing the alignment of quasar polarizations. Some suggest it may be influenced by the cosmic microwave background radiation, while others propose it may be due to the large-scale magnetic fields in the universe.

Is the alignment of quasar polarizations a common occurrence?

No, the alignment of quasar polarizations is not a common occurrence. It is a rare phenomenon that has only been observed in a small percentage of quasars. This makes it a subject of ongoing research and study.

What are the potential implications of the alignment of quasar polarizations?

The alignment of quasar polarizations could have implications for our understanding of the universe and its evolution. It may also provide new insights into the nature of dark matter and dark energy, as well as the origins of magnetic fields in the universe.

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