# Analysis Question

1. Sep 24, 2005

### amcavoy

This is a problem I found on the internet. In fact, I'm not even in analysis but I'm interested in how it's done.

Consider a smooth function $f:(0,\infty)\rightarrow\mathbb{R}$ such that $f(x)>0$ and $\lim_{x\to\infty}f(x)=0$. f(x) is convex and decreasing. Consider now a region between the positive x-axis and f(x). Think of it as a room and the positive real axis and f(x) as the walls. Now take a ball and throw it inside the room. When it touches the wall, it reflects by the usual law. Prove that after some time the ball will come back and exit the room.

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2. Sep 24, 2005

### AKG

Each time the ball hits the bottom, it's angle doesn't change, but each time it hits the top, it's angle goes backwards a little, and the idea is that the sum of all the backwards bumps will eventually turn the thing around. The influence of each bump would be a function of the angle that the ball is travelling at when it hits the top wall and the slope of the top wall where the bump occurs. Actually, the angle that the ball is travelling at will depend only on the angle it was travelling at after the previous bump with the top, which depends on the slope of the wall at that point plus the angle of the ball during that collision. But again that angle only depends on the previous collision, and you'll find that the only things you'll probably have to take into account are the initial angle and the slope at each point of collision. But you may as well set the initial angle to 0. So you'll end up with some sum whose terms are defined in part recursively, and in part based on the slope of the wall. You'll probably find that this sum can be approximated with an integral that is related to the derivative of the graph, and the integral when evaluated will give you a number that would suggest that the total amount that the ball is pushed back is large enough to send it backwards.

3. Sep 25, 2005

### jaap de vries

think of a laser beam instead of a ball an the optical law that angle of incidence is angle of reflection. The unit normal drawn from the graph towards the x axis will always point towards the "left" since the second derivative of the graph is always positive.