Thank you! Thats perfect!JBA said:See the following for a discussion of gravitational lensing: https://www.astro.umd.edu/~miller/teaching/astr422/lecture13.pdf
Light beam bending by mass is a phenomenon in which the path of a light beam is altered due to the presence of a massive object in its path, such as a planet or star. This is caused by the curvature of space and time around the massive object.
The equation for light beam bending by mass is known as the Einstein deflection angle equation, which is θ = 4GM/rc², where G is the gravitational constant, M is the mass of the object, r is the distance between the light beam and the object, and c is the speed of light.
The mass of an object has a direct effect on the amount of light beam bending. The more massive the object, the greater the bending of the light beam. This is because the gravitational force of a massive object is stronger, causing a greater curvature of space and time.
Light beam bending by mass is typically only observable in extreme cases, such as the bending of starlight around a black hole. However, it can also be observed in smaller scales, such as the bending of light around a planet or other large celestial bodies.
Light beam bending by mass is a key concept in Einstein's theory of general relativity. It demonstrates how the presence of mass can affect the curvature of space and time, and how this can alter the path of light. This has been a crucial aspect of understanding gravity and the behavior of objects in the universe.