Nazi Norway WWII: Can Fission Bombs Be Made Without Deuterium?

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In summary: The Germans were trying to build a reactor. They relied on a mistaken experiment that said Carbon would not work as a moderator (the experimenter used chemically pure carbon, but that isn't pure inough for nuclear reactions). So they settled on heavy water as the moderator. The only source was this factory in Norway, hence the war story.
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Fuego
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i was recently watching a TV program about british and norwegian soldiers who sabotaged a 'heavy water' factory in nazi norway in world war 2. it was said that hitler was trying to make a nuke and that this factory was vital to its completion.

my question is, do you actually need deuterium to make a fission bomb? i thought 'heavy water' was only necessary for fusion devices? or was hitler tring to make a fusion bomb before trying a fission bomb first?
 
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The Germans were trying to build a reactor. They relied on a mistaken experiment that said Carbon would not work as a moderator (the experimenter used chemically pure carbon, but that isn't pure inough for nuclear reactions). So they settled on heavy water as the moderator. The only source was this factory in Norway, hence the war story.
 
  • #3
well the program made it pretty clear that they were trying to make a bomb...
 
  • #4
Originally posted by Fuego
well the program made it pretty clear that they were trying to make a bomb...
The way I heard it, Germany's nuke program was essentially canceled after the lead physicist said it couldn't be done. Cleary he was wrong (specifically, he miscalculated critical mass). He was famous, but I can't remember right now who he was.
 
  • #5
anyway, i guess my real question is: do you need deuterium for a fission device?
 
  • #6
Originally posted by Fuego
anyway, i guess my real question is: do you need deuterium for a fission device?

No, but you do need fissionable material. A reactor that uses heavy water as a moderator (the kind of reactor Germany was trying to build) can refine natural uranium into weapons-grade plutonium. For this reason, heavy water is a closely monitored substance to this day.
 
  • #7
Originally posted by russ_watters
The way I heard it, Germany's nuke program was essentially canceled after the lead physicist said it couldn't be done. Cleary he was wrong (specifically, he miscalculated critical mass). He was famous, but I can't remember right now who he was.

Heisenberg. Controversial to this day. Was he a hero who faked his results to deny nuclear weapons to Hitler, or a Nazi collaberator who just made a stupid mistake?

I incline to the second opinion for the following reason. When Heisenberg, who was interned with other German scientists in England, and they were bugged by the Brits, he was surprised to hear that an air delivered bomb had destroyed Hiroshima. He thought an A-bomb would have to be as big as a house. It only took him 24 hours to figure out how it was done, but that was a piece of figuring he apparently never did during the war.
 
  • #8
Originally posted by selfAdjoint
The Germans were trying to build a reactor. They relied on a mistaken experiment that said Carbon would not work as a moderator (the experimenter used chemically pure carbon, but that isn't pure inough for nuclear reactions). So they settled on heavy water as the moderator. The only source was this factory in Norway, hence the war story.
Isn't it supposed to be graphite?
 

1. How did Norway become involved in WWII?

Norway was initially neutral in WWII, but was invaded by Nazi Germany in April 1940. The invasion was part of Germany's larger plan to secure access to strategic resources, such as iron ore, and to establish a naval base in Norway.

2. What role did Norway play in the development of fission bombs during WWII?

Norway was a key location for the development of fission bombs during WWII. The Norwegian heavy water plant at Vemork was a primary source of deuterium, a key component in the production of fission bombs. The plant was sabotaged by Norwegian resistance fighters, preventing Germany from obtaining enough deuterium to make a fission bomb.

3. Can fission bombs be made without deuterium?

No, deuterium is a crucial component in the production of fission bombs. It is used to moderate the nuclear chain reaction and increase its efficiency. Without deuterium, fission bombs cannot be made.

4. Did Nazi Germany successfully develop fission bombs during WWII using resources from Norway?

No, despite their efforts to secure resources from Norway, Nazi Germany was never able to successfully develop a fission bomb during WWII. The sabotage of the heavy water plant at Vemork and other setbacks hindered their progress.

5. What impact did Norway's involvement in WWII have on the country?

Norway's involvement in WWII had a significant impact on the country. The invasion and subsequent occupation by Nazi Germany resulted in widespread destruction and loss of life. The country also played a crucial role in the Allies' efforts to stop Germany's development of fission bombs, ultimately contributing to the end of the war.

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