In a series circuit, all components are connected in a single loop, whereas in a parallel circuit, components are connected in multiple branches. In a series circuit, the current remains constant throughout, while in a parallel circuit, the voltage remains constant.
The total resistance of a parallel circuit can be calculated using the formula 1/Rt = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3 + ... + 1/Rn, where Rt is the total resistance and R1, R2, R3, etc. are the individual resistances of each branch. The inverse of this value gives the total resistance of the circuit.
A capacitor stores electrical charge and acts as an open circuit to direct current, but allows alternating current to pass through. It can also affect the flow of current by slowing down the rate of change of the voltage in a circuit.
AC (alternating current) circuits have a continuously changing direction of current flow, while DC (direct current) circuits have a constant direction of current flow. AC circuits are used for transmitting electricity over long distances, while DC circuits are used for electronic devices.
The power dissipated by a resistor can be calculated using the formula P = I²R, where P is power in watts, I is current in amperes, and R is resistance in ohms. Alternatively, the formula P = V²/R can be used, where V is voltage in volts.