Attenuation and Packing in hydraulic Transients

[Mikealvarado100]

Hi
1- How can justify two phenomenon 'Attenuation' and 'Packing' in fluid transients in pipelines?
Is it possible to explain and account for those with Newton's third law?

2- Regarding to what Chaudhry says in his book ('Applied Hydraulic Transients', P. 192 of 1979 edition, Chapter 7, Part 7.2. Definitions) Packing phenomenon will occurs in two steps: a) increasing as d-e and b) increasing as e-j. One of these increasing (d-e) because of 'slope in water surface, ...'. What does this increasing mean? If oil or water or another liquid flows from low level (Z0) to high level (Z1) in a pipeline (elevation of Z0<Z1), then this type of Packing will be occurred or not? I have not problem with second increasing in packing which occurs because of e-j packing.

Thank you in advance.

 

[gtoguy97]

1- Newton's Third Law states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. This applies to Attenuation and Packing in fluid transients in pipelines: as the fluid moves through the pipeline, the pressure exerted on the walls of the pipe causes an opposing force which reduces the speed of the fluid, thus attenuating it. Similarly, when the fluid is packed into a tighter space within the pipe, the walls create a resistance to the flow and this further reduces the fluid speed. 2- The increasing d-e that Chaudhry refers to is the effect of the water surface rising as the liquid is packed into a tighter space within the pipe. When the liquid in the pipe flows from a low level (Z0) to a high level (Z1), the water surface rises, which increases the amount of packing occurring in the pipe. The e-j packing occurs when the liquid encounters narrow points in the pipe due to unevenness or bends, causing the liquid to become packed even further.