Its my understanding that Bayes' Theorem was presented by a clergyman who used it to answer whether God exists. Does any one on this forum knows about the conclusion he reached through his research.
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I don't know that he had any particular theological idea in mind.
Bear in mind that being a clergyman in the C18 didn't mean you were actually religous - it was the only thing that universities offered as official courses. You would enrole in 'holy orders' and then study maths/physics/etc in your spare time.
Although Bayes was a non-conformist so was personally probably more religous than most clergymen of the time!