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Bending forces, also known as flexural forces, cause an object to bend or deform along its length. Shear forces, on the other hand, act parallel to the surface of an object and can cause it to slide or twist.
Bending forces can significantly decrease the strength of a material, as they cause it to bend and potentially fracture. Shear forces also reduce the strength of a material, as they can cause it to slide or twist and potentially weaken its structural integrity.
The magnitude of bending and shear forces depends on several factors, including the type of load applied, the shape and size of the object, and the material properties of the object.
Engineers must carefully consider bending and shear forces when designing structures to ensure they can withstand the expected loads. This may involve selecting materials with high strength and stiffness, as well as incorporating reinforcement elements such as beams and columns.
Bending and shear forces can be measured using force sensors or load cells, which can be attached to a structure to measure the forces acting on it. These measurements can then be used to analyze the structural integrity of the object and make any necessary adjustments to ensure its safety.