Buoyant force is the upward force exerted by a fluid (such as water) on an object that is submerged or floating in the fluid. It is the result of the difference in pressure between the top and bottom of the object.
Buoyant force is calculated by multiplying the density of the fluid by the volume of the displaced fluid and the acceleration due to gravity. This can be expressed as Fb = ρVg, where ρ is the density, V is the volume, and g is the acceleration due to gravity.
The shape and volume of an object play a significant role in determining the buoyant force. Objects with larger volumes will displace more fluid and experience a greater buoyant force. Additionally, objects with a wider base or shape that is more conducive to displacing fluid will also experience a greater buoyant force.
Buoyant force and weight are directly related, as both are affected by the density and volume of the object. If the buoyant force is greater than the weight of the object, it will float. If the weight is greater than the buoyant force, the object will sink.
Buoyant force can be observed in many real-life scenarios, such as when an object floats in water, a submarine or ship is able to stay afloat, or when a hot air balloon rises into the air. It is also a crucial concept in understanding how marine animals such as fish and whales are able to stay afloat and swim in the ocean.