jw2024 said:
TL;DR Summary: how to calculate the total energy straggling of particles in a detector array
Does anyone know the way to obtain the energy-loss straggling caused by every layer?
Has one tried reaching out to the LISE++ developers team or users group?
So, every location in a material will experience some particles stopping, while also experiencing particles passing through and stopping further along a trajectory, which is not necessarily a straight line. Neutral particles (e.g., gammas and neutrons) tend to scatter forward (or with small angle deflection) with high energies, whereas as at low energy the scattering is characterized by larger angles, and even recoils (scattering with the backwards component).
In modeling and simulation, we have to arbitrarily assign a finite volume in which to culculate an energy deposition, and each particle will have a unique energy as a function of downrange location. Hence, we use Monte-Carlo methods, and one then has to run millions of histories to get good statistics, then scale the results depending on the intensity of the source or interacting radiation (beam or otherwise).
One might have to use a filter in the results, but I am not familiar with the software. Straggling is important with respect to local dose, since that is where the most damage/dose accumulates in a materials. For structural materials, one is concerned about local irradiation damage resulting in voids and potential defects. in biological systems, the straggling region is where most cellular death would occur, and that is the objective in irradiating cancers/tumors.
https://lise.frib.msu.edu/4_20/lise_4_20.html#g4
Some useful background.
https://spaceradiation.larc.nasa.gov/nasapapers/20000032536.pdf
Energy and range straggling received considerable
attention with the development of accelerated ion
beams and the associated advancement of detector
technology. The fluctuations of signals in detector
responses were often a confusing factor in particle
detection, . . .
https://cyclotron.tamu.edu/she2015/assets/pdfs/presentations/Tarasov_SHE_2015_TAMU.pdf
This thread has aroused my curiosity about LISE++ and other codes, e.g., PHITS, SRIM and GEANT4. LISE++ and PHITS use the same model, ATIMA, for energy straggling, but different models for energy loss. LISE++ uses ATIMA for energy loss, while PHITS uses SPAR.
http://web-docs.gsi.de/~weick/atima/
ATIMA is a program developed at
GSI which calculates various physical quantities characterizing the slowing down of protons and heavy ions in matter for specific kinetic energies ranging from 1 keV/u to 450 GeV/u such as:
- stopping power
- energy loss
- energy-loss straggling
- angular straggling
- range
- range straggling
- mean projectile charge
SPAR - T.W. Armstrong, K.C. Chandler (1973), “A Fortran program for computing stopping
powers and ranges for muons, charged pions, protons, and heavy ions”, ORNL-4869,
Oak Ridge National Laboratory, US
https://scispace.com/pdf/spar-a-fortran-program-for-computing-stopping-powers-and-mbgk4x25vv.pdf
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0029554X73908525
https://phits.jaea.go.jp/
Projectile Fragmentation: Physics Validation Of The GEANT4 Toolkit Against LISE++ For Rare Isotopes Studies
https://indico.jlab.org/event/667/contributions/12273/attachments/9162/13322/Amar_GHP2023.pdf
This might be of interest
http://www.srim.org/SRIM/Compounds.htm
http://www.srim.org/SRIM/SRIM 08.pdf