Acceleration refers to the rate of change of an object's velocity over time. It is calculated by dividing the change in velocity by the change in time.
Acceleration is directly proportional to the force applied to an object. This means that the greater the force applied, the greater the resulting acceleration.
Tension is a force that is transmitted through a medium, such as a string or rope, when it is pulled tight by forces acting on opposite ends. In the context of a block on a table, tension refers to the force applied by the string or rope holding the block in place.
The tension in the string or rope affects the acceleration of the block on a table by providing the force necessary to accelerate the block. The greater the tension, the greater the force, and therefore the greater the acceleration.
The acceleration of a block on a table can be calculated using Newton's second law of motion (F=ma), where the force is the tension in the string or rope and the mass is the mass of the block. The tension can be calculated using the equation T=mg, where T is the tension, m is the mass of the block, and g is the acceleration due to gravity.