# Canonical transformation

1. ### Logarythmic

281
1. The problem statement, all variables and given/known data

Consider a canonical transformation with generating function

$$F_2 (q,P) = qP + \epsilon G_2 (q,P)$$,

where $$\epsilon$$ is a small parameter.
Write down the explicit form of the transformation. Neglecting terms of order $$\epsilon^2$$ and higher,find a relation between this transformation and Hamilton's equations of motion, by setting $$G_2=H$$ (why is this allowed?) and $$\epsilon = dt$$.

2. The attempt at a solution

I think the transformation equations are

$$\delta p = P - p = -\epsilon \frac{\partial G_2}{\partial q}$$

and

$$\delta q =Q-q=\epsilon \frac{\partial G_2}{\partial q}$$

but how can I solve the last part? Can I just say that with the use of H and dt the equations can be written as

$$\dot{p}=-\frac{\partial H}{\partial q}$$

and

$$\dot{q}=\frac{\partial H}{\partial P}$$

which are the Hamiltonian equations of motion? And why is this allowed?

Last edited by a moderator: Dec 17, 2006
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3. ### vanesch

6,236
Staff Emeritus
Ooops !

I'm terribly sorry, instead of replying, I erroneously edited your post !

4. ### Logarythmic

281
Yes it should be a P, not a q. I get the relations

$$Q = q + \delta q$$

and

$$P = p + \delta p$$

but why is it allowed to use G = H?

5. ### vanesch

6,236
Staff Emeritus
You have the choice ! Every function G(q,P) (which is smooth enough) will generate a canonical transformation. So you may just as well use H(q,P), and then - that's the whole point - the transformation equations from (q,p) into (Q,P) give you simply the genuine time evolution where epsilon is the small time step. For an arbitrary G that isn't the case of course, you've just transformed your coordinates (q,p) in some other (Q,P). But for G = H, you've transformed the coordinates (q,p) in what they will be, a small moment later !
The reason for that is that your transformation equations you've found for an arbitrary G are what they are, and become the Hamilton equations of motion when you pick G to be equal to H.

Now, strictly speaking we should write H(q,P) instead of H(q,p), but we can replace the P by p here, because they are only a small amount different.

6. ### Marco_84

173
and it also preserve the fundamental poisson brackets....

its just a quick calcolus {Q,P}

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