Capacitance is the ability of a system to store an electrical charge. It is measured in farads and represents the ratio of the stored charge to the applied voltage.
The capacitance of a system can be calculated by dividing the charge stored (Q) by the applied voltage (V). This can also be represented as the ratio of the change in charge (ΔQ) to the change in voltage (ΔV).
The capacitance of a system is affected by the distance between the conductors, the area of the conductors, and the type of material between the conductors. It is also affected by the type of dielectric material used between the conductors.
A capacitor stores energy by accumulating charge on its conductive plates. When a voltage is applied, electrons are pushed onto one plate, creating a negative charge, while the other plate becomes positively charged. This creates an electric field between the plates, which stores the energy.
The capacitance of a system is inversely proportional to the frequency of the applied voltage. This means that as the frequency increases, the capacitance decreases and vice versa. This is because at higher frequencies, the charge does not have enough time to accumulate on the plates, resulting in a lower capacitance value.