Is this series conditionally convergent?

In summary, the conversation discusses the convergence of the series \sum\limits_{k=17}^\infty (-1)^{k}(\sqrt{k-3}-\sqrt{k-5}). The speaker uses the d'Alembert's ratio test and Leibniz's principle to determine that the series is conditionally convergent. The need to show that the magnitude of the kth term goes to 0 in the limit is also mentioned.
  • #1
nuuskur
Science Advisor
858
914

Homework Statement


Consider the series: [tex]\sum\limits_{k=17}^\infty (-1)^{k}(\sqrt{k-3}-\sqrt{k-5})[/tex]

Homework Equations

The Attempt at a Solution


First, I will attempt to determine whether it is absolutely convergent:
[tex]\lim\limits_{k\to\infty} \left(\sqrt{k-3}-\sqrt{k-5}\right) = 0[/tex]
Since the limit is 0 I can continue by applying the d'Alembert's ratio test:
[tex]\lim\limits_{k\to\infty} \frac{\sqrt{k-2}-\sqrt{k-4}}{\sqrt{k-3}-\sqrt{k-5}} = 1[/tex]
If the ratio is 1, we don't know whether it converges or diverges. If the limit of the ratio test is 1, how do we proceed?
According to Leibniz's principle: if [itex]a_k \geq a_{k+1}, \forall k\in [17,\infty), \lim\limits_{k} a_k = 0[/itex] , then the series [itex]\sum (-1)^{k}a_k[/itex] converges.
Is [itex]a_k \geq a_{k+1}[/itex]?Let's try k=17: [itex]\sqrt{14} - \sqrt{12} \geq \sqrt{15} - \sqrt{13}[/itex]? Yes, it is. Would I have to show via induction that this is always true? (should be quite obvious, why, though).
What happens with the ratio test, then? It didn't pass, can we conclude the series is absolutely convergent?
 
Physics news on Phys.org
  • #2
Okay, this series is not absolutely convergent, but it is conditionally convergent (the summands' values are decreasing).
 
  • #3
nuuskur said:
Okay, this series is not absolutely convergent, but it is conditionally convergent (the summands' values are decreasing).

This is not quite enough; you also need to show that the magnitude of the kth term ##a_k = \sqrt{k-3}-\sqrt{k-5}## goes to 0 in the limit ##k \to \infty##.
 

1. What is conditional convergence?

Conditional convergence refers to a concept in economics that suggests that poorer countries have the potential to grow and catch up to richer countries in terms of income and productivity, but only if certain conditions are met, such as investment in human capital and technological advancements.

2. How is conditional convergence different from absolute convergence?

Absolute convergence refers to the idea that all economies with different initial levels of income will eventually converge to the same level of income, regardless of external conditions. In contrast, conditional convergence takes into account external factors that can affect a country's growth and development.

3. What are some examples of conditions that can promote conditional convergence?

Some examples of conditions that can promote conditional convergence include access to education and healthcare, strong institutions, technological innovation, and investment in infrastructure and research and development.

4. Are there any drawbacks to conditional convergence?

Some economists argue that conditional convergence may not accurately reflect real-world economic growth patterns, as it assumes that all countries have equal access to resources and opportunities. It also does not take into account factors such as political instability, natural disasters, and global economic trends.

5. How can conditional convergence be measured?

Conditional convergence can be measured by comparing the growth rates of different countries and assessing whether they are converging towards a similar level of income. Other measures include the Human Development Index, which takes into account factors like education and healthcare, and the Global Innovation Index, which measures a country's ability to foster innovation and technological advancements.

Similar threads

  • Calculus and Beyond Homework Help
Replies
2
Views
184
  • Calculus and Beyond Homework Help
Replies
2
Views
734
  • Calculus and Beyond Homework Help
Replies
1
Views
255
  • Calculus and Beyond Homework Help
Replies
1
Views
213
  • Calculus and Beyond Homework Help
Replies
4
Views
306
  • Calculus and Beyond Homework Help
Replies
5
Views
486
  • Calculus and Beyond Homework Help
Replies
17
Views
1K
  • Calculus and Beyond Homework Help
Replies
14
Views
1K
  • Calculus and Beyond Homework Help
Replies
3
Views
491
  • Calculus and Beyond Homework Help
Replies
2
Views
2K
Back
Top