Conducting Sphere: Uniform vs. Non-Uniform | Gauss's Law

[Cisneros778]

Homework Statement

What is the difference between a uniform conducting sphere and a uniform non-conducting sphere? I'm studying the Gauss's Law right now.

 

[Simon Bridge]

In a conducting sphere the charges are free to move around.

 

[Cisneros778]

So how would this affect the electric fields?

 

[Simon Bridge]

Electric field inside a closed conductor is zero. Field close to a conductor is perpendicular to the conductor. Since you've started Gauss' Law these things will be covered soon.

 

[asteriatic]

The main difference between a uniform conducting sphere and a uniform non-conducting sphere lies in their ability to distribute electric charge. A conducting sphere allows for the free movement of electrons, resulting in an even distribution of charge on its surface. This is due to the fact that the charge can easily move to the outer surface of the sphere, leaving the inner surface with an equal and opposite charge. This is known as the "Faraday Cage" effect.

On the other hand, a non-conducting sphere does not allow for the free movement of electrons. This means that any charge placed on the surface of the sphere will remain there, resulting in a non-uniform distribution of charge. As a result, the electric field inside the sphere will not be constant and Gauss's Law may not be applicable.

In terms of Gauss's Law, it states that the electric flux through a closed surface is proportional to the net charge enclosed by that surface. For a uniform conducting sphere, the electric field will be constant and the charge enclosed will be evenly distributed, making it easier to calculate the electric flux. However, for a non-uniform conducting sphere, the electric field and charge distribution may vary, making it more challenging to apply Gauss's Law.

In summary, the main difference between a uniform conducting sphere and a uniform non-conducting sphere lies in their ability to distribute electric charge, which in turn affects the applicability of Gauss's Law.