# Dark Energy Casimir Energy in the Large? (Mazur/Mottola)

1. May 21, 2004

### marcus

"Vacuum fluctuations and the Casimir effect are considered in a cosmological setting. It is suggested that the dark energy, which recent observations suggest makes up 73% of our universe, is vacuum energy due to a causal boundary effect at the cosmological horizon."

A poster on SPR named Chris Weed has recommended
http://arxiv.org/gr-qc/0405111
Dark Energy and Condensate Stars: Casimir Energy in the Large
Pawel O. Mazur, Emil Mottola

the above quote is from their abstract

Weed's post:

2. May 21, 2004

### marcus

I think the gist of what they are saying is that the dark energy density
instead of being proportional to the Planck energy density

(which for laziness I'll write E/L3
writing L for planck length and E for planck energy)

instead of being comparable to that, which it hugely is not,
it should be proportional to the same thing but with the Hubble radius R
swapped in squarely

E/LR2

----------------

I should go upstairs and get my calculator and at least check these numbers. The story is that Pauli calculated E/L3 and on the assumption that vacuum rho (cosmological constant) should be comparable to that exclaimed that at that rate the size of the universe "would not even reach to the moon". the Planck density is wrong by over 120 orders of magnitude. OK now Mazur/Mottola offer reasons that it should be compared instead to E/LR2

whoah. we dont even need a calculator for that! the Hubble radius is in fact around 1060 Planck lengths
so the square of the Hubble radius is around 10120 times the Planck area

so swapping in R2 for L2, as they tentatively justify,
would have the right magnitude effect

3. May 21, 2004

### sol2

[/QUOTE]

I just wanted to add this link that Ranyart had offered, in the ole superstringtheory. You can delete if it seems inappropriate to your topic. The ideas here of vacua and casimere, are features of this discussion?

Read this link, R.B Laughlin worked with E mottola at the LAN Xar storage site(which as now moved)from Los Alamos to..well another site! This paper was/is given as part of a up and coming lecture.

I will comment on the 'critical surface catastrophe's' (remember Ulf's paper on creating Labtop BH'S) and there is another paper which needs further investigation, it belongs to Joao Magueijo and Rachel Bean, very interesting for reverse Entropy!

Earlier posts I have found on these boards:

http://www.superstringtheory.com/forum/bhboard/messages5/129.html

http://www.superstringtheory.com/forum/bhboard/messages6/66.html (surface tension)

http://arxiv.org/PS_cache/gr-qc/pdf/0302/0302028.pdf

Last edited: May 21, 2004
4. May 21, 2004

### marcus

we could use more pointed comment on the M/M paper specifics
from others besides myself and Sol
does this idea of theirs have substance and plausibility?
their earlier idea, in 2001, of "condensate star" did not seem
to win much acceptance (or am I wrong?)

meanwhile let us do a bit of the nittygritty detail on this

I seem to recall that the "Hubble time" is around 13.7 billion years
what is that in Planck?
this is a key ratio to understanding their approach

what is a year, in Planck time units, then we just have to multiply
by 13.7 billion

well I checked in the fundamental constants website for the latest Planck time value and it turns out that a year is 5.8535E50 planck
So 13.7 billion yr, if that is right for the hubble time, is 8.02E60 planck.

one may say that the hubble time we observe at present is 8E60
so this is the ratio between the hubble length and the planck length,
which plays a part in M/M paper.

by replacing the planck area L2
by the hubble area, in that formula, they cut the energy density down
by a factor of 64E120

that is the desired 122 orders of magnitude, more or less

it seems to me likely that other people who have been asking why the cosmological constant is what it is may also have made similar conjectures and calculations----I would not suppose M/M are the first----but I dont know of anyone offhand.

IMO one ought to see if the M/M reasoning holds water, the result is intriguing and not to dismiss without giving it a try. can anyone comment

5. May 21, 2004

### marcus

found what i think may be a slight blemish in M/M paper
but it doesnt seem to affect validity
just a confusion in wording----at some points they seem to me to confuse
or the distance to the cosmological horizon

these things are not the same but are related by order-one factors
so it should not make any essential difference

6. May 21, 2004

### sol2

I do not want to detract from what you are saying here but to try and give some idea here in the actions we might see of the vacuum energy. Again if it seems out of character, please delete it .

http://www.physics.umd.edu/news/photon/iss026/images/Bosenova.jpg

The Bosenova experiment also illustrates another important cosmological process, structure formation during a rapid quench. Galaxies were formed very late in the history of the universe, even later than the COBE or WMAP detectable eras. But their seeds came from quantum fluctuations of the scalar field which drove the universe into inflationary expansion at a very early time, $10^{-35}$ seconds from the Big Bang for a grand-unification (GUT) epoch phase transition. It is easy to see that an inflationary expansion is the time-reverse of a rapid quench in the BEC collapse. But how exactly does a primordial quantum seed grow into today's massive galaxies?

http://www.physics.umd.edu/news/photon/iss026/spot_research.html

Both Ranyart and I, have engaged in these questions before, about the dynamics involved. This was part of the development of the understanding of Heisenberg's Collapsing sphere. These dynamics were the attempts to metaphorically visualize this action, and the realization of what could be emitted from such a collpase, as in the Bosenova. Negative energy in the jets.

This lead to the developing understanding of geometrodynamics.

I will leave this for now. Let me know if there is any substance in continuing here.

7. May 21, 2004

### Olias

Sol you are so right, I sent an e-mail to authors 99', and along with some other work I gave the Handwaving long ago at Stringtheory.com. Most of my (what I class important posts!), have mysterious dissapeared from the boards ;) but the important thing is that they were there and read for some time.

My accuracy in the relevant 'New' physics has so far been 100%, and not a single equation in sight

The current paper linked by Marcus is quite ok, I have read it over a few times, but my posting times are limited for now, so comments will have to wait, but for you, remember the "Graviton Shroud"

8. May 21, 2004

### sol2

I think Marcus's calculation reveal something very important.

If we are to think of the nature of the univserse as it is, the calculation in terms of expansion are very revealing in terms of the matter constitutions we find through consolidation. Our universe.

Andrey Kravtsov's demonstrations in terms of numerical relativity are also very helpful in understanding the way in which we could have viewed this supersymmetrical state of existance, as a measure of the gravity field (supersymmetric metric points of consideration to today's value as considerations from strong to weak( today) as a revised expression of planck length times that 13.7 billion years?

9. May 21, 2004

### sol2

as to the post up top, I removed one link becuase there was no url to connect it too, so it gave a blank page of superstringtheory.

As to the shroud, if people do understand the significance of the dimensional relevance of "Time," in Marcus's calculations, then we might see the nature of all things in a different way?

Why I constantly refer to the gravity probe B, and a way(?) in which to measure these dynamics of the Bosenova

The key idea of Theodore Kaluza in the 1920s was to write down a five dimensional theory of gravity. In five dimensions, the gravitational field has 15 independent numbers, which can be arranged in a five dimensional array (see fig.4). Kaluza then re-defined the 5th column and row of the gravitation al field to be the electromagnetic field of Maxwell. The truly miraculous feature of this construction is that the five dimensional theory of gravity reduces down precisely to Einstein's original theory of gravity plus Maxwell's theory of light. In other words, by adding the fifth dimension, we have trivially unified light with gravity. In other words, light is now viewed as vibrations in the fifth dimension. In five dimensions, there is “enough room” to unify both gravity and light.

Michio Kaku

If Gravity and electromagnetism are joined as per Kaluza and Klein, then this perspective needs to be looked at more closely. I am currently looking for the equations that would have moved GR to another stage. Also the calculation that would have demonstrated, the ideas around the standard model leaving the brane, as the graviton?

Last edited: May 21, 2004
10. May 22, 2004

### sol2

Gravitational Lensing

I am not sure if this should continue or not, as I hate to move such generalizations forward if there is no use in looking at it?

The dimensional significance, of recognizing "Time," as a value of dynamical movement, how would we not see then that such effects as stated here in this topic, might help us to see the nature of curvature being applied in mass considerations.

But truy what is the deflection flight also telling us if we are faced with a gravitational well? I am open to others thoughts here.

http://www.iam.ubc.ca/~newbury/lenses/src/rays.gif

Another parameter that may come out of a successfully inverted lens in the Hubble constant which encodes the age and size of the universe. It can be determined, in theory, by measuring two quantities: the angular separation between two images, and the time delay between these images. This time delay is an interesting quantity: Assuming there is some variability in the source, this signal travels down two different geodesics (see the figure below.) There are two contributions to the time delay: the first is the obvious delay due to the difference in path length between the two rays. The second is a General Relativistic effect, the Shapiro time-delay, that causes a change in the rate that clocks tick as they pass through a gravitational field. Because the two rays travel through different parts of the potential well created by the deflector, the clocks carrying the source's signal will emerge out of sync.

http://www.iam.ubc.ca/~newbury/lenses/research.html

Hyperspace dynamics

Last edited: May 22, 2004
11. May 22, 2004

### kurious

The casimir effect is calculated for two plates that have the same kind of spacetime
in the gap between them and on the outside of their surfaces.Is it reasonable to swap R for L when there are different kinds of spacetime on either side of the boundary at the horizon? Surely the authors should show that these spacetimes are equivalent in this case.

12. May 22, 2004

### Olias

Yes!

This has been one of the reasons that I have been advocating 'Spacetime' only exists in and around Galaxies, the Space between Galaxies does not have a 3-D 'Spacetime', its 2-D Volume's.

All paramiters of Time extend only along 3-D space, our perception of '3-D' inside our Galaxy is based on us looking up and outwards, and expect all of Spacetime to be extended to our observational horizon, line of sight. From this we gauge the Quantum world from the bottom up, we have to look inwards to find Micro-quantities, so it is natural that we assume the outside Universe to be of Macro-Time Quantites.

The Space between Galaxies is actually a 2-D Field, just how this is Guaged to the Micro Quantum Field(sub-structure) that exists within a 3-D Spacetime of our Galaxy is where I see the problem. The Casimir plates are Man's nearest Dimensional Experimentation that produces the inter-dimensional exchange where an internal 2-D field is 'squeezed' out and around two fundemental 3-D locations (plates), this experiment is taking place within a 'Spacetime'.

For Galaxies the 'squeezing' is percieved as a contracting force of 2-d Fields around Galaxies (grip-halo), think of a sponge holding water, water exists within sponge. Put a dimensional reduced field around it and it naturally contracts, squeezing the water out onto the sponge surface.

From within the sponge the water is expanding away in all directions, and the structure of the sponge is Contracting.

One has to be careful with overtly speculative simplistic systems, just as one needs to treat with caution the overertly speculative complex systems such as string and brane theories,

Ok back to the casimir plate effect, the experimentors and detectors are within a 3-D space, they see the acclelerated light (Blue-Shifted) eminating from within the plates, now if you understand GR and SR you would know that observer dependence is based on the speed of light, but what you may not Understand is that this is based on a 3+1 spacetime frame, which means that the limit of the speed of light is constrained by the dimension it travels across, and for observers it is very important where one looks from!

One can define the scientific rigourous verification of SOL as being dimensionally bound to a 3+1 frame of reference, even a Vacuum Chamber sits within a Macro Spacetime, its here on Earth?.. experimentors pull out all 3-Dimensional Matter until there is nothing left inside, this produces fluctuations in the Vacuum, because we pull from one direction only, from a 3+1 spacetime-frame.

Light of Casimir Plates could be seen as blue-shifted because it has Decelerated from a 2-D field, and consequently 'gauged' as faster-than-light into a 3-D spacetime enviroment, or event-frame.

13. May 23, 2004

### sol2

One has to be careful with overtly speculative simplistic systems, just as one needs to treat with caution the overertly speculative complex systems such as string and brane theories,

I guess I should ask a straight forward question then. Can we compare the action of the Casimere plates to the branes scenario's How would you see the brane develope into the views spoken too, in linked paragraph?

http://physicsweb.org/objects/world/13/11/9/pw1311091.gif

a) Compactifying a 3-D universe with two space dimensions and one time dimension. This is a simplification of the 5-D space*time considered by Theodor Kaluza and Oskar Klein. (b) The Lorentz symmetry of the large dimension is broken by the compactification and all that remains is 2-D space plus the U(1) symmetry represented by the arrow. (c) On large scales we see only a 2-D universe (one space plus one time dimension) with the "internal" U(1) symmetry of electromagnetism.

If you let the image load, I get the sense of what you are saying in terms of blueshifting, and finally as brane collids and galaxies form in redshifting. In terms of the vacuum, I am having trouble here seeing the condensive feature of matter distinctions in those galaxies appart from the expansion of the whole universe. Yet we know galaxies form at different stages? So how would 2d outside of those galaxies cause the realization and effect inside.

The example given of Bosenova seems to describe on the surface events of collapse, yet on another level, we see where such expresssions are geometrical developing in another direction? Here we would see the effect of negative energy, in a negative curvature parameter being expressed from(spherical), from collapse as well, to another event in the jets. Can you modify these expressions in 2D ( might need your explanation very distinctively here)?

ds2 = (cdt)2 - dl2

The move to boson production off the brane understood in leading to rotations?

Last edited: May 23, 2004
14. May 23, 2004

### sol2

http://www.lerc.nasa.gov/WWW/PAO/images/warp/warp31.gif

Zero Point Energy (ZPE), or vacuum fluctuation energy are terms used to describe the random electromagnetic oscillations that are left in a vacuum after all other energy has been removed. If you remove all the energy from a space, take out all the matter, all the heat, all the light... everything -- you will find that there is still some energy left. One way to explain this is from the uncertainty principle from quantum physics that implies that it is impossible to have an absolutely zero energy condition.

http://www.lerc.nasa.gov/WWW/PAO/html/warp/possible.htm

Last edited: May 23, 2004
15. May 23, 2004

### Olias

Sol, you remember the Quark Frequenies post?:http://wc0.worldcrossing.com/WebX?14@170.TjoubVFK5NR.1@.1dde81d1

and (ROTATE'S 90% left).. can you the see the comparison ?

Now the Weak Equivilence Principle produces two quantities in and around a finite volume/area, 'quark-frequency-model? '

If I spelt it out in really basic terms I would have to state that Quarks as Protons are made into the smallest confined 3-D space's, surrounded by the 2-D Electron [spin-configuration=Rotations!..remember the Ruler Principle for Quarks?], an Atom is REALLY a chunk of 3-D matter(proton) surrounded by a 2-D energy field (electron), which produces the answer as to:WHY DONT ELECTRONS(NEGATIVE) FALL INTO THE PROTON(POSITIVE)?

Let me ask you this Sol, is there any correlation between the Electron and Quark?..the early models of QM's, they gave the Quark and Electron the same relevence for charge identity?..now is the Free Electron on a Par with Free Quarks? ..do Electrons originate (they have to have a history, they came from somewhere!) outwards from Protons?

Bossa Nova?..or was it Graviton Shroud?

The intersection of Kaluza-Klein 3-D space and 2-D fields...=5th dimension..the 5th dimension is not a singular dimension..it is a tale of two Connecting/colliding Space's..3 PLUS 2

Last edited: May 23, 2004
16. May 24, 2004

### TeV

Probably too much wine

Hmm,once I had peculiar thought crossed my mind.That there's is yet undiscovered force,"the fifth" fundamental force in nature,acting nonlineary on huge distances.Not a gravity itself,but the bridge between quantum gravity and Einstein classical GR and theories of grand unification.
Responsible for nearly zero cosmological constant observed and some other vacuum energy and cosmological discrepancies.But,I doubt there's sense in postulating such force (after all,the thought occured during one wine session 10 years back)

17. May 24, 2004

### marcus

this can happen, especially with wines of the Adriatic
like those they make at places along the Dalmatian coast

people enjoying pleasure cruises down the Eastern Adriatic drink
the local vintage and often get fundamental new ideas about cosmology

18. May 24, 2004

### TeV

I didn't think at all.The foolish thought just occured by itself.
There's is also the legend about Dirac's thought of "experimentaly measurable" gravitational constant changes and Moon.But it's another story.

cheers

19. May 24, 2004

### marcus

Tev I am curious about the coordinates 43N 16E.
On my map it looks like Vis the island off the Dalmatian coast in the Adriatic. But your profile is you are getting a physics PhD.
I didnt know of any university on Vis (old name Issa)
and I am wondering is my map wrong?
or are these coordinates mistaken?

if you really are at 43N 16E it must be very beautiful
this is where all the German and Austrian tourists like to
ride on cruise ships.

Probably, you know, there IS a fifth force
god enjoyed making the first four so much that he could not stop
How could he resist making just one more-----something subtle and
barely noticeable, he would be thinking it would be OK with us
and no trouble really.

But I hope you get your PhD first before you think too much more about it.

20. May 24, 2004

### sol2

Aw yes, thanks for the correction.

Maybe Marcus and TEV will see what is being said here, in the postulation of this fifth element