oh you have to click on the attachment and then the picture to see the equation. so the domain of the function is kx so if k ranges from -infinity to infinity then you need a +- before the integral?
It's just an example for pretty unclear notation. I guess the formula is an attempt to prove the equation
[tex]\delta(k x)=\frac{1}{|k|} \delta(k x).[/tex]
Of course you have to assume that [itex]k \neq 0[/itex]. Otherwise the equation doesn't make any sense to begin with.
Then you have to just do the substitution [itex]y=k x[/itex] in the integral with the distribution times an arbitrary test function to prove this formula. For [itex]k>0[/itex] you find
[tex]\int_{\mathbb{R}} \mathrm{d} x f(x) \delta(k x)=\int_{\mathbb{R}} \mathrm{d}y \frac{1}{k} f(y/k) \delta(y)=\frac{1}{k} f(0).[/tex]
For [itex]k<0[/itex] you have
[tex]\int_{\mathbb{R}} \mathrm{d} x f(x) \delta(k x)=\int_{\mathbb{R}} \mathrm{d} y \left (-\frac{1}{k} \right ) f(y/k) \delta (y)=-\frac{1}{k} f(0).[/tex]
On the other hand the distribution
[itex]\frac{1}{|k|} \delta(x)[/itex]
has the same outcome under an integral with an arbitrary test function, which proves the above statement about the Dirac distribution.
You can generalize this for arbitrary function [itex]y(x)[/itex] which have only single-order zeros, i.e., [itex]y(x_k)=0[/itex] but [itex]y'(x_k) \neq 0[/itex] for [itex]k \in \{1,\ldots,n\}[/itex]. Then you can prove in pretty much the same way as the above example
[tex]\delta[y(x)]=\sum_{k=1}^{n} \frac{1}{|y'(x_k)|} \delta(x-x_k).[/tex]
as you know Cauchy expressed Fourier's integral as exponentials and the delta distribution can be expressed in this way (he also pointed out that the integrals are non-commutative in some circumstances). In modern times there is L Schwartz's theory of distributions. Dirac called it the delta function because he used it as a continuous analogue of the discrete Kronecker delta.
Here is a vast generalization of the fundamental theorem of algebra