Air density refers to the amount of mass per unit volume of air. It is a measure of how tightly packed the air molecules are in a given space.
Air density decreases as height above Earth increases. This is because the higher you go, the fewer air molecules there are in a given space due to decreasing atmospheric pressure.
The main factors that affect air density are temperature, pressure, and humidity. Warmer air is less dense than colder air, higher pressure leads to higher density, and humid air is less dense than dry air.
Understanding air density is important for various reasons. It is crucial for aviation, as it affects the lift and performance of aircraft. It also plays a role in weather patterns and can impact air pollution levels and respiratory health.
Air density is typically measured using a device called a barometer, which measures atmospheric pressure. It can also be calculated by measuring temperature, pressure, and humidity and using mathematical equations such as the Ideal Gas Law.