Diffeomorphism invariance of GR

In summary: In his case he looks at the coordinate transformation as the trajectory of a particle, and the diffeomorphism moves the particle around. Then the important point is that the Jacobian shows up in the metric. Is this the same he does in the paper?In summary, the conversation discusses the diffeomorphism invariance of the Einstein-Hilbert action and how it is related to active and passive coordinate transformations. The volume element ##d^{4}x## is not invariant under active diffeomorphisms, but the combination of the volume element and the square root of the determinant of the metric ##\sqrt{-g}d^{4}x## is invariant. This invariance is crucial for showing that the Einstein
  • #71
I'm not sure about that. A diffeomorphism is a transformation on the manifold ##M##. A coordinate transformation is a transformation in ##R^n##. But a diffeomorphism does induce a coordinate transformation, so they are not independent of each other (that's why there is a 1-to-1 correspondence between diffeormorphisms and coordinate transformations, "active and passive transformations", in the first place! See again Wald). So the only thing you can do imo is to first perform a diffeomorphism (which induces a coordinate transformation), and only after that perform a coordinate transformation (or the other way around).

Maybe I'm pedantic here, but from experience I know that there is no overload of being pedantic in these discussions. ;) Maybe it helps for you to do all these steps explicitly (and in both orders, to see the hang of it).
 
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  • #72
haushofer said:
I'm not sure about that. A diffeomorphism is a transformation on the manifold MM. A coordinate transformation is a transformation in RnR^n. But a diffeomorphism does induce a coordinate transformation, so they are not independent of each other (that's why there is a 1-to-1 correspondence between diffeormorphisms and coordinate transformations, "active and passive transformations", in the first place! See again Wald). So the only thing you can do imo is to first perform a diffeomorphism (which induces a coordinate transformation), and only after that perform a coordinate transformation (or the other way around).

Maybe I'm pedantic here, but from experience I know that there is no overload of being pedantic in these discussions. ;) Maybe it helps for you to do all these steps explicitly (and in both orders, to see the hang of it).

Ok. So if one starts with a diffeomorphism ##\phi:M\rightarrow M## such that ##p\mapsto\phi(p)=q##, then in a local coordinate chart this induces a coordinate transformation ##x^{\mu}(p)\mapsto\left(\phi^{\ast}x\right)^{\mu}(p)=y^{\mu}(q)##. We can then choose a coordinate transformation such that ##y^{\mu}(q)\mapsto x'^{\mu}(q)=x^{\mu}(p)##. Would this be correct at all?
 
  • #73
Yes, I think that 's exactly what is done in your notes. First the diffeo, and then the coordinatetranso (or, first the active and then the passive transformation).
 
  • #74
haushofer said:
Yes, I think that 's exactly what is done in your notes. First the diffeo, and then the coordinatetranso (or, first the active and then the passive transformation).

Ok cool. So does one then transform a tensor ##T\mapsto\phi^{\ast}T## and subsequently evaluate it in the final coordinate chart such that ##\left(\phi^{\ast}T\right)(x')=\left(\phi^{\ast}T\right)(x)##?

With a diffeomorphism is the whole philosophy that one can either view it in an active sense as actually moving points around on the manifold, such that for an infinitesimal diffeomorphism, points are mapped to different positions on the manifold, with the coordinates ##x^{\mu}## and ##x'^{\mu}## labelling two different points in the same coordinate chart. Or, one can view it passively as a simple coordinate transformation between two coordinate charts such that the coordinates ##x^{\mu}## and ##x'^{\mu}## label the same point in different coordinate charts?

In the former case, i.e. the active sense, the points on the manifold are actually moved around, with ##x^{\mu}## and ##x'^{\mu}## labelling two different points ##p## and ##q## in the same coordinate chart, however, we can always carry out a coordinate transformation, ##x'\rightarrow\tilde{x}##, such that in this new coordinate chart the coordinate values of the point ##q## are the same as the coordinates of the point in the old coordinate chart, i.e. ##\tilde{x}^{\mu}=x^{\mu}##? For an infinitesimal diffeomorphism, does this happen as follows: An infinitesimal diffeomorphism is generated by a vector field ##X## such that the orbit of a point ##p## under this diffeomorphism is along the integral curves of ##X##. This induces a coordinate transformation $$x^{\mu}\rightarrow y^{\mu}=x^{\mu}+\epsilon X^{\mu}$$ where ##\epsilon<<1##. Thus if we carry out the coordinate transformation $$y^{\mu}\rightarrow x'^{\mu}=y^{\mu}-\epsilon X^{\mu}$$ then we find that ##x'^{\mu}=x^{\mu}##. Is this then why the author claims that ##d^{4}x## does not transform under a diffeomorphism?
 
<h2>What is diffeomorphism invariance in General Relativity (GR)?</h2><p>Diffeomorphism invariance is a fundamental principle in General Relativity (GR) that states that the laws of physics should remain unchanged under a change of coordinates. This means that the equations of GR should have the same form regardless of the choice of spacetime coordinates.</p><h2>Why is diffeomorphism invariance important in GR?</h2><p>Diffeomorphism invariance is important in GR because it allows us to describe the laws of physics in a coordinate-independent manner. This is crucial in a theory of gravity, as the effects of gravity can distort the spacetime coordinates. Diffeomorphism invariance ensures that the equations of GR are valid in any coordinate system, making it a more robust and accurate theory.</p><h2>How is diffeomorphism invariance achieved in GR?</h2><p>Diffeomorphism invariance is achieved in GR through the use of tensor calculus and the principle of general covariance. Tensors are mathematical objects that are invariant under coordinate transformations, and the principle of general covariance states that the laws of physics should be expressed in terms of tensors. This allows the equations of GR to remain unchanged under a change of coordinates, ensuring diffeomorphism invariance.</p><h2>What are the implications of diffeomorphism invariance in GR?</h2><p>The implications of diffeomorphism invariance in GR are far-reaching. It allows us to describe the laws of physics in a coordinate-independent manner, making GR a more robust and accurate theory. It also allows for the prediction of phenomena such as gravitational waves and black holes, which have been confirmed through observations.</p><h2>Are there any challenges to maintaining diffeomorphism invariance in GR?</h2><p>While diffeomorphism invariance is a fundamental principle in GR, there are some challenges in maintaining it. One of the main challenges is the quantization of gravity, as the principles of quantum mechanics and diffeomorphism invariance can be in conflict. This is an active area of research in theoretical physics.</p>

What is diffeomorphism invariance in General Relativity (GR)?

Diffeomorphism invariance is a fundamental principle in General Relativity (GR) that states that the laws of physics should remain unchanged under a change of coordinates. This means that the equations of GR should have the same form regardless of the choice of spacetime coordinates.

Why is diffeomorphism invariance important in GR?

Diffeomorphism invariance is important in GR because it allows us to describe the laws of physics in a coordinate-independent manner. This is crucial in a theory of gravity, as the effects of gravity can distort the spacetime coordinates. Diffeomorphism invariance ensures that the equations of GR are valid in any coordinate system, making it a more robust and accurate theory.

How is diffeomorphism invariance achieved in GR?

Diffeomorphism invariance is achieved in GR through the use of tensor calculus and the principle of general covariance. Tensors are mathematical objects that are invariant under coordinate transformations, and the principle of general covariance states that the laws of physics should be expressed in terms of tensors. This allows the equations of GR to remain unchanged under a change of coordinates, ensuring diffeomorphism invariance.

What are the implications of diffeomorphism invariance in GR?

The implications of diffeomorphism invariance in GR are far-reaching. It allows us to describe the laws of physics in a coordinate-independent manner, making GR a more robust and accurate theory. It also allows for the prediction of phenomena such as gravitational waves and black holes, which have been confirmed through observations.

Are there any challenges to maintaining diffeomorphism invariance in GR?

While diffeomorphism invariance is a fundamental principle in GR, there are some challenges in maintaining it. One of the main challenges is the quantization of gravity, as the principles of quantum mechanics and diffeomorphism invariance can be in conflict. This is an active area of research in theoretical physics.

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