Are there any noteworthy papers that explain in detail why diffusion occurs, or suggest the reason for the existence of the second law of thermodynamics?
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Are there any noteworthy papers that explain in detail why diffusion occurs, or suggest the reason for the existence of the second law of thermodynamics?
Diffusion and the second law of thermodynamics are both explained by statistical mechanics.
Any standard textbook on statistical mechanics will cover the second law, and googling for "diffusion statistical mechanics" will find many good papers on diffusion. Unfortunately there's a fair amount of math involved.
