# Dividing by Zero in Physics?

Gold Member
In mathematics, this operation is undefined. But what about in physics? Are there any special rules associated with division by zero?

Division by zero represents one of several things in physics (not indended as an exhaustive list), in order of increasing problematicness:

1) You did your algebra wrong.

Examples of 1 abound. An example of #2 would be something like "What is the gravitational acceleration at the center of the Earth? Well, Gravitational force is Gm/r^2, and so at the center r=0 and it diverges". Obviously the incorrect assumption is that we can treat all the mass of the earth as concentrated at a point while inside its structure.

An example of #3 might be singularities which appear in Einstein's General Relativity. Many people believe these singularities are artifacts which merely appear due to the lack of a quantum theory of gravity, rather than physical objects. I suppose, in a way, this is a special case of #2 where the assumption is fundamental to your theory. But the essential difference is #2 is a modeling error, whereas #3 is a theoretical error.

Homework Helper
Sometimes math analogies used to describe physics can have weaknesses in the way they are implemented. For example, if a direction on a 2d surface is described as a slope, such as y/x, then a line in the y direction has a slope of y/0. If the direction was described as a counter clockwise angle from the x axis (polar coordinate convention), then the problem doesn't exist.

Studiot

Jeff Reid's response just reminded me of another thing that divide by zero could signify in a physical theory, which ranks more problematic than algebra but less than assumptions:

For example, schwarzschild coordinates are singular at the event horizon of a black hole, even though there is nothing particularly singular about this location. Of course, there are many other trivial examples you could make up with just applying some singular transformation to normal Cartesian coordinates, but I like this one :)

JerryClower
As far as physics and mathematics are concerned, there is not function for dividing by 0.

Homework Helper
Following up with my previous example, to convert slope into an angle, the limit of tan-1(1/x) as x->0 is π/2.

Eric McClean
Deviation by zero is impossible.