# Division of vectors?

1. Dec 20, 2008

### tgt

Why aren't there any legit operation for division of two vectors (any kind of vectors)?

2. Dec 20, 2008

### maze

In a geometric algebra it makes sense to divide vectors. If a and b are vectors, then the result of a/b would be interpreted as the geometric object such that (a/b)*b = a, where * is the geometric product.

3. Dec 20, 2008

### tgt

what is a geometric product? It is a rotation, reflection or translation?

4. Dec 20, 2008

### HallsofIvy

Staff Emeritus
5. Dec 20, 2008

### Hurkyl

Staff Emeritus

I'm skeptical about maze's comment, because geometric algebra has too many zero-divisors; there are generally lots of solutions to equations like bx = a. Furthermore, it's noncommutative, so a solution to bx=a might not be a solution to xb=a. I expect it to be hard to define any sort of coherent division operation.

6. Dec 20, 2008

### maze

Can you please elaborate? The solution to b*x = a is x=b-1*a where b-1=b/||b||. The solution to x*b = a is x = a*b-1 = 1/||b||(a.b+a^b) = 1/||b||(b.a-b^a) so it is almost the same as the solution to b*x = a, except the 2-form portion has the opposite sign.

7. Dec 20, 2008

### Hurkyl

Staff Emeritus
I was thinking of the algebra as a whole, rather than just the vectors.

Specific example: if v is a unit vector, then (1+v)(1-v) = 0, so neither 1+v nor 1-v are invertible in the geometric algebra.

For the opening poster: if you're just working in the vector space, expressions like 1+v are nonsense. They only have meaning in a structure that supports such an operation, like a geometric algebra.

Last edited: Dec 20, 2008
8. Dec 20, 2008

Well, this thread got a bit sidetracked. :)

Before it makes sense to talk about division of vectors, it better make sense to talk about multiplication of vectors. (The geometric algebra that was being discussed talks about one such way.) The natural way to define division from multiplication is this: if c = ab (where a, b, and c are just some abstract things) and you can find an inverse of, say, b (call it b-1), then you should have a = cb-1. (You might write a = c/b.)

You're aware, I hope, of two ways to combine two vectors (in $\mathbb{R}^3$): the dot product and the cross product. The dot product takes two vectors and gives you a scalar, so that won't help you in trying to divide two vectors. The other one, the cross product, does give you a vector from two vectors, but the main issue is that if you are given vectors c and b and are told that c = a × b, then there isn't a unique solution for a. (For example, given 0 = a × b, you could take a = kb, where k is any scalar.)

Pretty much what this amounts to is this: in order for it to make sense to divide vectors, you probably need to find another way to multiply them first.

9. Dec 20, 2008

### Hurkyl

Staff Emeritus
I should point out that a useful product doesn't have to be of two vectors. e.g. he should know of the product
{scalar} * {vector} = {vector}

For some pairs of vectors, one can solve for a scalar x that satisfies xv=w (and the solution is unique). Of course, most pairs of vectors do not admit a quotient in this manner.

10. Dec 20, 2008

### maze

ahh thanks for the explanation. For vectors though there are no such issues.