Do photons, phonons and electrons have mass?

Click For Summary

Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the mass of photons, phonons, and electrons, exploring concepts of rest mass, energy, and the behavior of these entities in different contexts. Participants engage in clarifying definitions, addressing misconceptions, and examining the implications of mass in various physical scenarios.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Debate/contested
  • Technical explanation
  • Conceptual clarification

Main Points Raised

  • Some participants question whether photons, phonons, and electrons possess mass, particularly focusing on the concept of rest mass.
  • There is a discussion about the meaning of the symbol ##m_e##, with some asserting it refers to electron rest mass.
  • Participants note that while electrons have rest mass, photons do not, as they cannot be at rest.
  • One participant raises the question of why a photon's rest mass cannot be measured when its speed is zero relative to an observer.
  • There is mention of phonons being related to lattice vibrations, with some uncertainty about their classification as fundamental particles.
  • Discussions include the behavior of light in different media, with some participants asserting that photons move slower in materials like glass or heavy water, while others challenge this view.
  • The concept of electromagnetic waves and their interaction with matter is debated, with some participants suggesting that viewing EM waves as particles is misleading.
  • Clarifications are made regarding the process of light absorption and emission in materials, with references to fluorescence and other related phenomena.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants generally agree that electrons have rest mass while photons do not. However, there is disagreement and uncertainty surrounding the mass of phonons and the implications of light behavior in different media. The discussion remains unresolved on several points, particularly regarding the interpretation of mass in various contexts.

Contextual Notes

Some participants express confusion over the definitions and implications of mass, particularly in relation to photons and phonons. There are references to various sources and articles, but no consensus is reached on the interpretations presented.

SSG-E
Messages
60
Reaction score
12
Poster has been reminded to always show their efforts and links to their reading when asking for help understanding a concept.
TL;DR
Do photons, phonons and electrons have mass?
These articles have energy but do they have mass?
 
Physics news on Phys.org
SSG-E said:
Summary:: Do photons, phonons and electrons have mass?

These articles have energy but do they have mass?
What does ##m_e## usually refer to?
 
  • Like
Likes   Reactions: Vanadium 50
berkeman said:
What does ##m_e## usually refer to?
?
 
SSG-E said:
?
Copy/paste your thread title into a Google search. Then do some reading in the search results. That should answer the ##m_e## part. You will likely still have a few questions about the mass of a photon and phonon, so reply with links to your reading and ask *specific* questions about that reading so that we can help you. Thank you.
 
  • Like
Likes   Reactions: Dragrath, TeethWhitener, Jody and 4 others
{crickets}...
 
  • Like
Likes   Reactions: jim mcnamara, Daanh, jbriggs444 and 2 others
Phonons? You mean lattice vibrations?
 
berkeman said:
{crickets}...
It means electron rest mass. But an electron can't be at rest so how it has rest mass?
 
  • Skeptical
Likes   Reactions: PeroK
SSG-E said:
It means electron rest mass. But an electron can't be at rest so how it has rest mass?
You are confusing electrons and photons. Can you post links to the reading you've been doing? That will help us to help you. :smile:
 
berkeman said:
You are confusing electrons and photons. Can you post links to the reading you've been doing? That will help us to help you. :smile:
I know the differences between electrons and photons. I just replied about the symbol 'me'. So the correction is: A photon can't be at rest so how it has rest mass? Is 0 considered mass?
 
  • #10
SSG-E said:
A photon can't be at rest so how it has rest mass?
Where are you reading that?
 
  • #11
berkeman said:
Where are you reading that?
I have yet read at many websites and watched you tube videos.
 
  • #12
SSG-E said:
I have yet read at many websites and watched you tube videos.
Please post a link to such a source and highlight where they say a photon has rest mass...
 
  • #14
berkeman said:
Electrons don't come at rest. Electron rest mass is the mass of an electron as measured when its speed is zero relative to an observer. A photon never comes at rest thus its rest mass is 0. But why can't be the rest mass of a photon be measured when its speed is zero relative to the observer?
 
  • #15
SSG-E said:
But why can't be the rest mass of a photon be measured when its speed is zero relative to the observer?
Because photons move at velocity c (the speed of light) relative to all observers. They never appear at rest to any observers. There are probably some Insights articles that we can point you to. Back in a minute...
 
  • #17
berkeman said:
Because photons move at velocity c (the speed of light) relative to all observers.
Not always i.e. inside glass they are moving slower,and inside heavy water of a nuclear reactor very slow.
 
  • Skeptical
Likes   Reactions: weirdoguy
  • #18
binis said:
and inside heavy water of a nuclear reactor very slow.

You've made that up, probably mixing and confusing several unrelated concepts. For most practical purposes the difference between the speed of light in water and heavy water is negligible, close to 0.75c.
 
  • Like
Likes   Reactions: nasu
  • #19
Borek said:
For most practical purposes the difference between the speed of light in water and heavy water is negligible, close to 0.75c.
You have right,might be inside the core,not in heavy water.
 
  • #20
binis said:
Not always

Electromagnetic waves move slower in medium, but that says nothing about photons which are particular states of quantum electromagnetic field. Viewing EM waves as stream of bullet-like particles that slow down in medium is not a good idea.
 
  • Like
Likes   Reactions: Dragrath, dextercioby, etotheipi and 1 other person
  • #21
binis said:
You have right,might be inside the core,not in heavy water.

You are still making that up.
 
  • Like
Likes   Reactions: nasu
  • #22
weirdoguy said:
Electromagnetic waves move slower in medium, but that says nothing about photons which are particular states of quantum electromagnetic field. Viewing EM waves as stream of bullet-like particles that slow down in medium is not a good idea.
A static EM field is practicaly not extending to infinite (math function has a definition field);how can EM waves do it,except viewing them as traveling particles? Moreover,you know that pair production is of one gamma-photon,not of a quantum EM field.
 
  • Skeptical
Likes   Reactions: weirdoguy
  • #23
binis said:
A static EM field is practicaly not extending to infinite (math function has a definition field);how can EM waves do it,except viewing them as traveling particles?

How EM waves can do what? In your first sentence you wrote about static EM fields, EM waves are not static. Anyways, there are plenty of threads on PF about what photons are, and what they are not. For example this one: https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/what-is-a-photon.879128/ Take your time because it's not an easy topic and a lot of misconceptions circle around.

binis said:
Moreover,you know that pair production is of one gamma-photon,not of a quantum EM field.

I'm sorry but I don't understand this sentence. Besides, pair production involves at least two photons.
 
Last edited:
  • Like
  • Informative
Likes   Reactions: Dragrath, bhobba and binis
  • #24
binis said:
A static EM field is practicaly not extending to infinite (math function has a definition field);how can EM waves do it,except viewing them as traveling particles? Moreover,you know that pair production is of one gamma-photon,not of a quantum EM field.
I'm not sure what you mean here, but I'm sure it won't help OP understand the concept of mass, so I don't think it's a good idea to continue that.
 
  • Like
Likes   Reactions: Dragrath and bhobba
  • #25
Moderator's note: Thread moved to quantum physics forum.
 
  • #26
SSG-E said:
These articles have energy but do they have mass?

If by "mass" you mean rest mass, then electrons do have it, photons do not, and for phonons, AFAIK, the question isn't well-defined since phonons are not fundamental particles.
 
  • #27
SSG-E said:
why can't be the rest mass of a photon be measured when its speed is zero relative to the observer?

Because a photon can never be at rest relative to any observer. It moves at ##c## relative to all observers.
 
  • #28
binis said:
A static EM field is practicaly not extending to infinite (math function has a definition field);how can EM waves do it,except viewing them as traveling particles? Moreover,you know that pair production is of one gamma-photon,not of a quantum EM field.
You can think of light moving through matter as photons slamming into atoms, being absorbed and then being emitted again, many times over. This process has the effect of slowing down the propagation of the wave as a whole but each individual photon still moves at c while being scattered from atom to atom, it's just that this whole process makes it take longer to get to the other side of the material.
 
  • Skeptical
Likes   Reactions: nasu and binis
  • #29
AndreasC said:
being absorbed and then being emitted again
Isn't this the fluorescent effect?
 
  • #30
binis said:
Isn't this the fluorescent effect?

No, that's not what @AndreasC was describing. He was simply describing one heuristic way of explaining why light appears to slow down when passing through a material medium as compared to vacuum.
 

Similar threads

  • · Replies 2 ·
Replies
2
Views
1K
  • · Replies 15 ·
Replies
15
Views
3K
  • · Replies 14 ·
Replies
14
Views
2K
  • · Replies 1 ·
Replies
1
Views
2K
  • · Replies 5 ·
Replies
5
Views
3K
  • · Replies 7 ·
Replies
7
Views
1K
  • · Replies 6 ·
Replies
6
Views
2K
  • · Replies 6 ·
Replies
6
Views
2K
  • · Replies 4 ·
Replies
4
Views
1K
  • · Replies 21 ·
Replies
21
Views
3K