Fate of Galaxies: Will Stars be Pulled into Black Holes?

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In summary, the fate of stars in a galaxy being pulled into a giant black hole in the center is still being debated. While some stars may be absorbed by supermassive black holes over time, the stable orbits of stars in our galaxy make this process extremely slow. Additionally, the formation of smaller black holes and potential decay of matter may also affect the final outcome of the galaxy.
  • #1
pforeman
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In the far distant future, will all of the stars in a galaxy be pulled into one giant black hole in the center?
Are the arms of spiral galaxies like our milky way spiralling in or flying out?
Thanks
Paul
 
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That is still being debated. I seriously doubt 'all' stars will be absorbed by supermassive black holes, which seriously complicates any theory the universe will eventually achieve a state of perfect thermodynamic equilibrium.
 
  • #3
pforeman said:
In the far distant future, will all of the stars in a galaxy be pulled into one giant black hole in the center?
Are the arms of spiral galaxies like our milky way spiralling in or flying out?
Thanks
Paul
For the most part, the orbits of stars in our galaxy are extremely stable. For objects close to the black hole, there is some gravitational radiation that causes the objects to lose orbital energy. But the magnitude of this radiation is extremely dependent upon distance, and is pretty negligible for objects even a short (in astrophysical terms) distance away.

Every once in a great while, there will be a close interaction between stars which transfers enough momentum to one star to kick it out of the galaxy. The galaxy loses one star, but the remaining stars have less orbital energy between them and are, after that interaction, on average a bit closer to the orbiting black hole. After many such interactions, more stars are liable to have fallen into the central black hole.

At the same time, matter within our galaxy is (occasionally) forming smaller stellar black holes which very slowly radiate away to nothing.

On extremely long time scales, matter itself is likely to decay through a process known as proton decay.

All of these processes are incredibly slow, and I couldn't tell you which will win out. But Wikipedia has a nice article on the subject:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Future_of_an_expanding_universe
 

1. What is a black hole?

A black hole is a region of space where the gravitational pull is so strong that nothing, including light, can escape from it. It is formed when a massive star dies and collapses under its own gravity.

2. How do black holes affect the fate of galaxies?

Black holes are one of the key players in determining the fate of galaxies. As they grow larger by consuming matter, they can have a significant impact on the structure and evolution of their host galaxies. This can include pulling in nearby stars and altering their orbits, as well as influencing the formation of new stars.

3. Will all stars eventually be pulled into black holes?

No, not all stars will be pulled into black holes. The majority of stars will die before their host galaxy merges with another galaxy or the black hole at its center grows large enough to pull them in. However, some stars that are in close proximity to a black hole may eventually be pulled in.

4. Can galaxies survive without black holes?

While it is possible for a galaxy to survive without a black hole at its center, the presence of a black hole can greatly influence the formation and evolution of the galaxy. Without a black hole, the galaxy may not have as much gas and dust to form new stars, and its overall structure may be different.

5. Could our own galaxy be pulled into a black hole?

It is highly unlikely that our own galaxy, the Milky Way, will be pulled into a black hole. The black hole at the center of our galaxy, known as Sagittarius A*, is relatively small and not actively consuming matter. Even if it were to grow larger, the chances of it pulling in our entire galaxy are very slim.

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