2Kinematics is the branch of physics that studies the motion of objects without considering the forces that cause the motion.
Displacement is a vector quantity that represents the change in position of an object, while distance is a scalar quantity that represents the total length traveled. In kinematics, displacement and distance are related by the direction of motion. If an object moves in a straight line, displacement and distance will have the same magnitude. However, if an object moves in a curved path, displacement and distance will have different magnitudes.
The key equation of kinematics is the equation of motion, which is given by d = v0t + 1/2at2, where d is displacement, v0 is initial velocity, t is time, and a is acceleration.
Acceleration is the rate of change of an object's velocity. If an object has a positive acceleration, it is speeding up. If an object has a negative acceleration, it is slowing down. The magnitude and direction of an object's acceleration can also affect its motion. For example, if an object has a constant acceleration in the opposite direction of its motion, it will eventually come to a stop and then start moving in the opposite direction.
Average velocity is the total displacement divided by the total time. It gives an overall picture of an object's motion. Instantaneous velocity, on the other hand, is the velocity at a specific moment in time. It is calculated by taking the derivative of the position function with respect to time. In other words, it is the slope of the position-time graph at a specific point.