Expectation value in the ground state

Your Name]In summary, the conversation discusses finding the expectation value of px4 in the ground state of a harmonic oscillator. It is noted that terms with an uneven number of lowering or raising operators have a zero expectation value. Using the commutation formula and normal order, the expectation value is found to be <px4> = 3*hbar / 4a4. It is suggested to provide more explanation and a summary of the solution for clarity.
  • #1
Roodles01
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0

Homework Statement


.
Hi, could someone look at the attachment & comment on whether I'm anywhere near getting the expectation value correct, please.

In the grnd state;
1. terms such as AA†A†A, with lowering operator on RHS has zero expectation value,
2. terms such as AA†A†A† with uneven numbers of lowering or raising op's has zero expectation value.

Noting these points, the expectation value of px4 in ground state of harmonic oscilator can be;
.
<px4> = [∫ ψ0*(x) (AAA†A† + AA†AA† + A†AAA†) ψ0(x) dx]
.
ψ0(x) is grnd-state energy eigen-function.
.
Show that in grnd-state
<px4> = 3*hbar / 4a4


Homework Equations


commutation formula AA†− A†A=1,
Normal order A†A


The Attempt at a Solution


See attached
 

Attachments

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  • #2
document
Thank you for your post. Your approach to finding the expectation value of px4 in the ground state of a harmonic oscillator is correct. Your use of the commutation formula and normal order is appropriate and leads to the correct result of <px4> = 3*hbar / 4a4.

One suggestion I have is to provide a bit more explanation for each step in your solution. This will help readers understand your thought process and reasoning behind each step. Additionally, it would be helpful to include a brief summary of the main points of your solution at the end, to tie everything together and make it easier for readers to follow.

Overall, your solution is clear and correct. Keep up the good work!

 

1. What is the expectation value in the ground state?

The expectation value in the ground state is a measure of the average value of a physical quantity in the lowest energy state of a system. It is calculated by taking the product of the wavefunction and the operator representing the physical quantity, and then integrating over all possible values of the system.

2. How is the expectation value in the ground state related to the uncertainty principle?

The expectation value in the ground state is related to the uncertainty principle through the Heisenberg uncertainty principle, which states that the product of the uncertainty in position and the uncertainty in momentum is always greater than or equal to a certain constant value. The expectation value in the ground state represents the most probable value of a physical quantity, while the uncertainty principle states that there will always be some degree of uncertainty in that value.

3. Can the expectation value in the ground state be negative?

Yes, the expectation value in the ground state can be negative. This means that the most probable value of the physical quantity in the ground state is in the negative range. This is possible because the wavefunction, which is used to calculate the expectation value, can take on both positive and negative values.

4. How does the expectation value in the ground state change with different operators?

The expectation value in the ground state will vary depending on the operator used to represent the physical quantity. This is because different operators will have different effects on the wavefunction, resulting in a different overall value for the expectation value. For example, the expectation value for position will be different than the expectation value for momentum.

5. Why is the expectation value in the ground state important in quantum mechanics?

The expectation value in the ground state is important in quantum mechanics because it allows us to make predictions about the behavior of a system in its lowest energy state. By calculating the expectation value, we can determine the most likely value of a physical quantity and make predictions about the system's behavior. It also plays a key role in the Heisenberg uncertainty principle and other fundamental principles of quantum mechanics.

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