What is the nullity and geometric description of the kernel and range of T?

  • Thread starter trojansc82
  • Start date
  • Tags
    Kernel
In summary, the nullity of T is 2 and the geometric description of the kernel and range of T is a two-dimensional space of vectors perpendicular to <1, 2, 2> and a one-dimensional subspace spanned by <1, 2, 2>, respectively.
  • #1
trojansc82
60
0

Homework Statement



Use the given information to find the nullity of T and give a geometric description of the kernel and range of T.

T is the projection onto the vector v = (1,2,2):

T(x,y,z) = (x + 2y + 2z)/9 (1,2,2)

Homework Equations



Kernel of T = T(v) = 0.

Nullity of T = dimension of the kernel of T

The Attempt at a Solution



I created an augmented matrix that looks like this:

[ 1/9 2/9 2/9 | 1
2/9 4/9 4/9 | 2
2/9 4/9 4/9 | 2 ]

Row reducing I get just one vector because the other two are a scalar.

However, the answer in the book says the nullity is 2, so I am off.
 
Physics news on Phys.org
  • #2
You are overworking this. Given a vector z, any vector v can be written as au+ bz, where u is perpendicular to z, so that T(v)= bz. In particular, the range of T is the subspace spanned by z and the kernel is the orthogonal complement to that. Here, the range is the one-dimensional subspace spanned by <1, 2, 2>. It's orthogonal complement, the kernel, is the two dimensional space of all vectors <x, y, z> such that <x, y, z>.<1, 2, 2>= x+ 2y+ 2z= 0. x= -2y- 2z so <x, y, z>= <-2y- 2z, y, z>= <-2y, y, 0>+ <-2z, 0, z>= y<-2, 1, 0>+ z<-2, 0, 1> so the kernel has basis {<-2, 1, 0>, <-2, 0, 1>}.
 

What is the difference between kernel and nullity?

The kernel and nullity are two important concepts in linear algebra. The kernel, also known as the null space, is the set of all vectors that map to zero when multiplied by a given matrix. The nullity is the dimension of the kernel, and it represents the number of linearly independent vectors in the null space.

How do you find the kernel and nullity of a matrix?

To find the kernel and nullity of a matrix, you need to solve the system of equations represented by the matrix. This can be done by performing row reduction operations on the matrix to bring it to its reduced row echelon form. The number of free variables in the reduced matrix will give you the nullity, and the vectors corresponding to the free variables will form the basis of the kernel.

Why is the kernel important in linear algebra?

The kernel is important because it helps us understand the solutions to linear systems of equations. It also allows us to determine whether a matrix has an inverse or not. A matrix has an inverse if and only if its kernel is empty, meaning it only contains the zero vector. Additionally, the kernel is used in applications such as image processing and data compression.

Can the kernel and nullity of a matrix be equal?

No, the kernel and nullity of a matrix cannot be equal. The kernel is a subspace of the vector space, while the nullity is a number representing the dimension of the kernel. Since a subspace cannot have a dimension of zero, the kernel and nullity can never be equal.

How does the kernel relate to the rank-nullity theorem?

The rank-nullity theorem states that the rank of a matrix plus its nullity is equal to its number of columns. This means that the dimensions of the kernel and the image of a matrix are related. If the rank of a matrix is less than its number of columns, then the nullity will be greater than zero, indicating that the matrix has nontrivial solutions.

Similar threads

  • Calculus and Beyond Homework Help
Replies
5
Views
499
  • Calculus and Beyond Homework Help
Replies
1
Views
925
  • Calculus and Beyond Homework Help
Replies
8
Views
608
  • Calculus and Beyond Homework Help
Replies
1
Views
450
  • Calculus and Beyond Homework Help
Replies
12
Views
977
  • Calculus and Beyond Homework Help
Replies
0
Views
441
  • Calculus and Beyond Homework Help
Replies
3
Views
2K
  • Calculus and Beyond Homework Help
Replies
8
Views
2K
  • Calculus and Beyond Homework Help
Replies
10
Views
2K
  • Calculus and Beyond Homework Help
Replies
3
Views
559
Back
Top