Finding net work done

[dyel]

Homework Statement

A woman pushes a 38kg box on a horizontal floor with a force F⃗ that is directed 30° below the horizontal. The coefficient of kinetic friction between the floor and the box is 0.53. If the initial speed of the box is 7.89m/s and the box accelerates at 1.63m/s^2 , what is the net work done on the box by all forces acting on it after it has traveled a distance of 2.51m ?
The answer provided is 155.47J.

Homework Equations

F=ma?
Fk = ukN
W= fdcos(x)
W= fd
W= Kf - Ki

The Attempt at a Solution

Method 1:
F=ma
Fcos(30) - Fk = 38 (1.63)
Fcos(30) - 0.53N= 38 (1.63)

Finding the Normal Force:
N-mg-Fsin(30) =0
N =38 (9.81) + Fsin(30)

Subbing N back into the equation

Fcos(30) - 0.53[38 (9.81) + Fsin(30)]= 38 (1.63)
F = 38(1.63) + 0.53(9.81)(38) / cos(30) - 0.53sin(30)

Work: Fcos(30) x 2.51 = 1541.18J

Method 2:

W= Kf - Ki
= 0.5(38)(54.07) - 0.5(38)(62.25)
= -155.47J

Can somebody tell me why I got the wrong answer using the first method, yet when I use the second method I get the answer with a minus sign (which indicates negative work?) ?

If that is the case, then shouldn't the answer then be -155.47J?

Thank You!

 

[Raghav Gupta]

Hi dyel, Welcome to PF !

Homework Statement

A woman pushes a 38kg box on a horizontal floor with a force F⃗ that is directed 30° below the horizontal. The coefficient of kinetic friction between the floor and the box is 0.53. If the initial speed of the box is 7.89m/s and the box accelerates at 1.63m/s^2 , what is the net work done on the box by all forces acting on it after it has traveled a distance of 2.51m ?
The answer provided is 155.47J.

Homework Equations

F=ma?
Fk = ukN
W= fdcos(x)
W= fd ( It is wrong )
W= Kf - Ki ( No need here)

The Attempt at a Solution

Method 1:
F=ma
Fcos(30) - Fk = 38 (1.63)

This much is enough.
You need the net work done.
You already have the force value in horizontal direction.
What is the distance. Find the horizontal work done.
What is the force in upward direction?

 

[haruspex]

Method 1:
F=ma
Fcos(30) - Fk = 38 (1.63)
Fcos(30) - 0.53N= 38 (1.63)

This way is going to calculate the work done by the pusher. This is not the same as the net work done on the box.

Method 2:

W= Kf - Ki
= 0.5(38)(54.07) - 0.5(38)(62.25)

How do you get 54.07?

 

[dyel]

This way is going to calculate the work done by the pusher. This is not the same as the net work done on the box.

How do you get 54.07?

Vf^2 = Vi^2 + 2as

 

[putongren]

Hi dyel, Welcome to PF !

This much is enough.
You need the net work done.
You already have the force value in horizontal direction.
What is the distance. Find the horizontal work done.
What is the force in upward direction?

Why is W = fd wrong? I interpret the work on the box done by the mass multiplied by net acceleration and the distance traveled.

 

[Raghav Gupta]

Why is W = fd wrong? I interpret the work on the box done by the mass multiplied by net acceleration and the distance traveled.

W = fdcosθ
Note θ = 0° for forward horizontal motion taking horizontal force component and it is 90° for vertical force component.

 

[HallsofIvy]

What if there is no "net acceleration" as is the case here?

 

[putongren]

W = fdcosθ
Note θ = 0° for forward horizontal motion taking horizontal force component and it is 90° for vertical force component.

I got it. Looked up Wikipedia as well. You take the dot product of F ds, which is F d cos θ.

 

[Kilgour22]

Work is the dot product of two vector quantities, a force vector and a displacement vector. Because of this, work is always a scalar and therefore has magnitude and no direction. So whenever you calculate work done using the dot product of your force vector and your displacement vector, you want to use absolute value bars.

You're given a lot of information, most of which you don't need. You're given your displacement, your mass and your acceleration. The horizontal component of the force being applied by the woman is found with one very simple calculation, because the acceleration we're given is the box's horizontal acceleration (the box does not go up or down, therefore there is no vertical component of acceleration as all the vertical components of force are balanced). We don't need to care about the friction force because we're already given the horizontal acceleration.

Armed with this knowledge, we now know that we have a horizontal displacement (2.51m), the mass of the box (38kg) and the constant acceleration of the box (1.63m/s^2).
We know that F = ma, and we know that work is the dot product of the force vector and the displacement vector. What about the angle, though? The dot product always multiplies the magnitudes of the vectors by the cosine of some angle theta.

In this case, we have all the horizontal components we need. Therefore, theta is 0, and the cosine of 0 is 1. Thus

W = ||F|| ||d|| = ||ma|| ||d||

W = ||(38kg)(1.63m/s^2)|| ||2.51m||

W = 155.4694kgm^2/s^2 = 155.4694N*m = 155.4694J

W = 155.47J

And voila, there's our answer!

As you can see, physics is all about understanding the concepts and applying these concepts to a problem. If we can understand a problem, most of the time a solution will easily present itself. Instead of jumping straight into calculations, I thought about concepts I've learned, saw where I can apply these to this particular problem, and only then started to solve. Physics is the art of thinking, and mathematics is simply a tool with which we can describe our thoughts in an applicable way.

Best of luck in the future!

 

[haruspex]

Vf^2 = Vi^2 + 2as

The initial speed is nearly 8m/s, and the acceleration is positive, so I don't see how that formula will give you a value less than 60 for v_f². Did you subtract instead of adding?

 

[dyel]

The initial speed is nearly 8m/s, and the acceleration is positive, so I don't see how that formula will give you a value less than 60 for v_f². Did you subtract instead of adding?

Vf^2 =Vi^2 + 2as
= 7.89^2 + 2(1.63) (2.51)
= 54.06
Vf = 7.35 m/s

 

[haruspex]

= 7.89^2 + 2(1.63) (2.51)
= 54.06

7.89^2 + 2(1.63) (2.51)=70.4347
How can the speed go down from 7.89 to 7.35 while accelerating at +1.63?

7.89^2 - 2(1.63) (2.51)=54.07

 

[dyel]

7.89^2 + 2(1.63) (2.51)=70.4347
How can the speed go down from 7.89 to 7.35 while accelerating at +1.63?

7.89^2 - 2(1.63) (2.51)=54.07

I messed up on my end. Opps

 

[haruspex]

I messed up on my end. Opps

So now you should get the right sign on the work as well as the right magnitude, yes?