# First Order Homogeneous ODE

## Homework Statement

Solving the following differential equation with the given boundary conditions:

$$\hbar^2 \frac{d^2}{dx^2}\psi (x) = 2mE\psi (x), \ \ \ \ \ \forall \ \hbar^2,\ m,\ E > 0$$

$$\psi(a) = \psi(-a) = 0$$

## The Attempt at a Solution

$$\hbar^2 \frac{d^2}{dx^2}\psi (x) = 2mE\psi (x)$$

$$\frac{d^2}{dx^2}\psi (x) = \frac{2mE}{\hbar^2}\psi (x)$$

$$\frac{d^2}{dx^2}\psi (x) - \frac{2mE}{\hbar^2}\psi (x) = 0$$

Let

$$\frac{2mE}{\hbar^2} = \rho$$

Then

$$\frac{d^2}{dx^2}\psi (x) - \rho \psi (x) = 0$$

The characteristic polynomial for this ODE shall be

$$r^2 - \rho = 0$$

$$r^2 = \rho ,\ r_1 = -\sqrt{\rho},\ r_2 = \sqrt{\rho}$$

Therefore

$$\psi (x) = c_1e^{r_1 x} + c_2e^{r_2 x}$$

$$\psi (x) = c_1^{-\sqrt{\rho} x} + c_2e^{\sqrt{\rho} x}$$

By using the given conditions the only possible solution I can get is

$$c_1 = c_2 = 0,\ \psi (x) = 0$$

As I get to something like

$$e^{4 \sqrt{\rho} a} = 1$$

And since

$$\rho,\ a > 0$$

So

$$\psi(x) = 0$$

seems to be the only solution.

Is this it?

Last edited:

Dick
Homework Helper
The characteristic equation isn't r^2-rho*r=0. It's r^2-rho=0. Where did the second r come from?

CompuChip
Homework Helper
I think that the characteristic polynomial will be
$$r^2 - \rho = 0$$
rather than
$$r^2 - \rho r = 0$$
which kinda makes some difference.

The characteristic equation isn't r^2-rho*r=0. It's r^2-rho=0. Where did the second r come from?

Yeah I kinda saw that too, I've already corrected it and did all the work again and I still got nowhere.

Dick
Homework Helper
Yeah I kinda saw that too, I've already corrected it and did all the work again and I still got nowhere.

Yes, I think you are correct that the only solution is psi(x)=0. That looks like Schroedinger's equation with a minus sign missing. If there were an extra minus then you would get sin and cos type solutions and wouldn't be having these problems. Is it a typo?

The equation posted in the op is not a first order homogeneous ODE as claimed in the title.

Yes, I think you are correct that the only solution is psi(x)=0. That looks like Schroedinger's equation with a minus sign missing. If there were an extra minus then you would get sin and cos type solutions and wouldn't be having these problems. Is it a typo?

The differential equation and boundary conditions are typed here exactly as in my assignment, I couldn't tell if there is a 'typo', but if there is it isn't mine. But is $$\psi (x) = 0$$ acceptable as a solution in terms of a quantum mechanical interpretation for a single particle in a box of length '2a'?

The equation posted in the op is not a first order homogeneous ODE as claimed in the title.

Hah, you're right it's a second order, my bad, is there any way to correct that?

epenguin
Homework Helper
Gold Member
How I would look at it. By the physical meaning of the terms as I understand your constant rho is by nature positive. Often it is preferred to keep this evident by defining your parameter as rho2. If it is wanted to indicate a negative coefficient define a constant as -rho2.

If instead your rho were negative, the maths of your equation would be formally almost identical to that for simple harmonic motion. (Only x instead of t, psi instead of x. Meaning changed, maths identical. The usual 1-D QM particle-in-box equation is like that too.) We know pretty well how that behaves.

If instead your rho is positive, the equation is that of bacterial growth. Which is usually given as a 1st order eq. but your 2nd order equation will be true of it too. And we know how that behaves too. Exponential growth. And in exponential growth the population is never zero at any time unless it is zero at all times. Or think of a repulsive force that increases proportionately to the distance to a particle.

So the conclusions mentioned are not so puzzling.

Last edited:
CompuChip