Understanding the Impact of a Valve on Fluid Properties Upstream and Downstream

In summary, the conversation discusses the relation between properties upstream and downstream of a valve, assuming a small throttling device and negligible changes in kinetic and potential energy. The speaker wants to know how the pressure and enthalpy change as the system flows through the valve, considering scenarios where downstream is either empty or contains gas. They also mention using the Bernoulli equation and comparing the gas downstream to a piston and the gas upstream to a contained cylinder.
  • #1
AAMAIK
47
0
I want to know the relation between the properties upstream of the valve and those downstream.
Assume that the throttling device is small that not enough surface area is available for Q to occur. Changes in kinetic and potential energy are negligible.
If I define my system to be the fluid upstream of the valve and through the valve. what would happen to the properties that describe the condition of my system as it goes through the valve?
If my fluid is liquid then the pressure exerted on the valve will be ρgh where the height of the fluid column to the valve. However, if my system is composed of gas then pressure by the collision of the gaseous molecules with the surface of pipes in which the gas is flowing through. If on the other side of the valve the pipe is evacuated of air nothing is present then the pressure is lower this causes the fluid upstream to move, but what happens to the pressure will it stay the same, decrease?
I am not sure whether this analysis is appropriate for this situation.
Another scenario what if downstream the valve another fluid is present what happens to the pressure of the fluid upstream if I consider it as my system
 
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  • #2
I'm not sure exactly what properties your considering and what your trying to achieve as such. However depending on complexity, maybe the Bernoulli equation could help? Though you said changes in potential and kinetic energy are negligible so i don't know if this is what you want.
 
  • #3
I want to determine how the pressure and enthalpy change as the system flows through the valve.
 
  • #4
AAMAIK said:
I want to determine how the pressure and enthalpy change as the system flows through the valve.
Could you give us a specific scenario to analyze please. What you provided is too vague.
 
  • #5
I define my system to be the gas upstream of a valve, the valve is closed. I want to examine how the properties that describe the current state of my system change as I open the valve namely pressure and enthalpy. To simplify matters, I assume that the surface area of the valve is small enough such that no heat transfer takes place. I want to consider the changes in pressure and enthalpies in two scenarios, one if downstream the valve is empty (no matter is present) and the other if gas occupies the space downstream. Is the analogy to consider the gas downstream as a piston and the gas upstream contained inside a cylinder pushing against that cylinder. In addition, the external pressure acting against the gas upstream is increasing as it moves along because more gas molecules downstream are accumulating.
 

1. How does a valve affect fluid properties upstream and downstream?

A valve can affect fluid properties upstream and downstream by controlling the flow rate, pressure, and temperature of the fluid. When a valve is opened, it allows the fluid to flow through and can increase the velocity and pressure upstream. On the other hand, when a valve is closed, it restricts the flow and can cause a decrease in pressure downstream.

2. What factors influence the impact of a valve on fluid properties?

The impact of a valve on fluid properties can be influenced by several factors such as the type of valve, its size, the type of fluid, the flow rate, and the temperature of the fluid. Additionally, the design and placement of the valve in the pipeline can also affect its impact on fluid properties.

3. How can the impact of a valve on fluid properties be measured?

The impact of a valve on fluid properties can be measured by conducting experiments and collecting data on the flow rate, pressure, and temperature upstream and downstream of the valve. This data can then be analyzed to determine the changes in fluid properties caused by the valve.

4. What are the potential consequences of not understanding the impact of a valve on fluid properties?

Not understanding the impact of a valve on fluid properties can lead to several consequences such as inefficient flow, pressure surges, and temperature fluctuations. These can result in equipment damage, safety hazards, and increased operational costs.

5. How can the understanding of the impact of a valve on fluid properties be applied in real-world situations?

The understanding of the impact of a valve on fluid properties is crucial in various industries such as oil and gas, chemical processing, and water treatment. It can be applied to optimize the performance of pipelines, improve safety, and reduce operational costs. It can also aid in the design and selection of valves for specific applications.

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