# Fluid mechanics issues

1. Nov 20, 2009

### Mechdude

1. The problem statement, all variables and given/known data

1.a) the velocity components of a 3-d flow are
$$u= \frac{ax}{x^2+y^2}$$
$$v= \frac{ay}{x^2+y^2}$$
$$\omega = c$$
where a and c are arbitrary constants . show that the streamlines of this
flow are helics
$x=acos(t)$ ;
$y=asin(t)$ ;
$x=a*c*t$

a. what is the irrotational velocity filed associated with the potential
$\phi = 3x^2 -3x +3y^2 + 16t^2 +12zt$ ? does the flow satisfy the
incompresible continuity equation $\nabla \vec{q} = 0$ where q is the velocity.

2. b) the velocity potential of a 2D incompressible flow is
$$\phi = \frac{1}{2} log \left( \frac{(x+a)^2 +y^2}{(x-a)^2+y^2 } \right)$$
show that the stream function $\psi$ is given by:
$$\psi = \arctan \frac{y} {x-a} - \arctan \frac{y}{x-a}$$

3 a)
Air obeying Boyles law $p=k \rho$ is in motin in a uniform tube of small
cross-sectional area. show that if $\rho$ is the density and u is the velocity
at a distance x from a fixed point a; and t is time , this is true:
$$\frac{ \partial^2 \rho}{\partial t^2} = \frac {\partial^2 (u^2 + k) \rho}{\partial x^2}$$

3 b. A steam is rushing from a boiler throught a conical pipe, the diameters of the ends a
being D and d . if v and u are the corresponding velocities of the steam an if the motion is
supposed to be that of divergence from the vortex of the cone prove that
$$\begin{displaymath} \frac{u}{v} = \frac {D^2} {d^2} e^{\frac{u^2-v^2}{2k} } \end{displaymath}$$
where k is the pressure divide by the density and its a constant ie $k= \frac{p}{\rho}$
note its getting in at one end with a velocity $v$ and density $\rho_1$
and out the other side with $u$ and $\rho_2$

2. Relevant equations

$\nabla \vec{q} = 0$
Boyles law: $p=k \rho$

3. The attempt at a solution
i do not know how to start this stuff with all honesty.

2. Nov 22, 2009

### ideasrule

You've got u, v, w as well as x, y, z. To prove the equations for u,v,w are equivalent to those of x,y,z, you have to either integrate the velocity equations or derive the position equations. Integrating is hard; deriving is much easier.

The velocity field is the gradient of the potential, so just find the gradient of that equation. As for the continuity equation, q is the gradient of the potential and the continuity equation takes the curl of q. What's the curl of a gradient always equal to?
The curl of the stream function is the velocity field. Do you know how to get from a velocity field to a stream function?

3. Nov 22, 2009

### Mechdude

Thanks 4 the reply , i managed to do problems, 1. b) & 2.b) , any clues for the rest, part of my problem is i dont know where to start, take 3a) &b) im thinking of using bernoullis equation, but i dont know how to arrive at the second derivative of density nor the exponent respectively