Functional groups present are: C=O and NH2

In summary, amines are organic compounds with functional groups including C=O and NH2. The N atom in these functional groups is often protonated, while the C=O is not, due to factors such as delocalization of the oxygen's lone pairs and hydrogen bonding with water. Additionally, the lower electronegativity of nitrogen makes it more favorable for holding a positive charge compared to oxygen. The delocalization of oxygen's lone pairs is a result of its ability to form multiple bonds and share its electrons with neighboring atoms.
  • #1
garytse86
311
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This is about amines:

The functional groups present are: C=O and NH2

Why does the N get protonated always but not C=O, since the oxygen has more lone pairs and more electronegative than N so shouldn't the oxygen be protonated more easily? I can't think of any good reasons... please help :confused:
 
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  • #2
In some cases note that the lone pairs on the oxygen are delocalized, and thus less available in a sense. In some cases, protonation of the nitrogen atom to its corresponding cation will be reinforced by hydrogen bonding of water to the newly formed compound (4 hydrogens in contrast to 3). Also, nitrogen holds its electrons less tightly.
 
  • #3
An alternate explanation: A positive charge on nitrogen is better than a positive charge on oxygen because nitrogen is less electronegative.
 
  • #4
Thanks. But how can the lone pairs of oxygen be delocalised?
 

1. What are functional groups?

Functional groups are specific atoms or groups of atoms attached to a molecule that determine its chemical and physical properties.

2. What is the functional group C=O?

The functional group C=O, also known as a carbonyl group, consists of a carbon atom double bonded to an oxygen atom.

3. What is the functional group NH2?

The functional group NH2, also known as an amino group, consists of a nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms.

4. What are the properties of molecules containing C=O and NH2 functional groups?

Molecules containing C=O and NH2 functional groups have a wide range of properties, including polarity, reactivity, and the ability to form hydrogen bonds. They are commonly found in organic compounds, such as proteins and carbohydrates, and play important roles in biological processes.

5. How can the presence of C=O and NH2 functional groups be identified?

C=O and NH2 functional groups can be identified through various methods, such as spectroscopy, chemical tests, and structural analysis. The specific method used depends on the molecule and the type of information needed.

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