The fuzzball proposal for black holes

In summary, the fuzzball proposal suggests that there are multiple horizon-free non-singular solutions associated with a black hole, known as fuzzballs. These solutions are considered to be the microstates of the black hole, while the black hole itself represents an average description of the system. The purpose of this report is to review current evidence for the fuzzball proposal, with a focus on the use of AdS/CFT methods. Results so far support the proposal, but further progress requires going beyond the supergravity approximation and defining the concept of a "stringy fuzzball." The proposal has the potential to resolve long-standing issues in black hole physics, such as Hawking radiation and information loss.
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The fuzzball proposal for black holes
Authors: Kostas Skenderis, Marika Taylor
Comments: 106 pages, invited review for Physics Reports
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th); Astrophysics (astro-ph); General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)

The fuzzball proposal states that associated with a black hole of entropy S there are exp S horizon-free non-singular solutions that asymptotically look like the black hole but generically differ from the black hole up to the horizon scale. These solutions, the fuzzballs, are considered to be the black hole microstates while the original black hole represents the average description of the system. The purpose of this report is to review current evidence for the fuzzball proposal, emphasizing the use of AdS/CFT methods in developing and testing the proposal. In particular, we discuss the status of the proposal for 2 and 3 charge black holes in the D1-D5 system, presenting new derivations and streamlining the discussion of their properties. Results to date support the fuzzball proposal but further progress is likely to require going beyond the supergravity approximation and sharpening the definition of a ``stringy fuzzball''. We outline how the fuzzball proposal could resolve longstanding issues in black hole physics, such as Hawking radiation and information loss. Our emphasis throughout is on connecting different developments and identifying open problems and directions for future research.

This is the first time i have seen any thing about fuzzballs, where did this idea come from?
 
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1. What is the fuzzball proposal for black holes?

The fuzzball proposal is a theoretical framework that suggests that black holes are not truly "black" or singularities, but are instead made up of a dense and complex network of strings and branes. This theory attempts to resolve the information paradox and other problems associated with traditional black hole models.

2. How does the fuzzball proposal differ from traditional black hole models?

The main difference is that the fuzzball proposal does not involve the existence of a singularity or event horizon. Instead, it proposes that the "surface" of a black hole is actually a fuzzy boundary of strings and branes, which allows for information to be preserved and avoids the paradoxes associated with traditional black holes.

3. Is there any evidence to support the fuzzball proposal?

Currently, there is no direct observational evidence for the existence of fuzzballs. However, the theory is consistent with several well-established principles in physics, such as string theory and the holographic principle. Furthermore, the fuzzball proposal provides a potential solution to the information paradox, which has been a major challenge for traditional black hole models.

4. Can fuzzballs be detected or observed?

Due to their microscopic size and the fact that they do not have an event horizon, it is currently impossible to directly observe or detect fuzzballs. However, scientists are working on developing new techniques and technologies that may one day allow us to indirectly study these objects.

5. How does the fuzzball proposal affect our understanding of the universe?

If the fuzzball proposal is confirmed to be true, it would significantly change our understanding of black holes and the universe as a whole. It would also have major implications for our understanding of gravity, quantum mechanics, and the nature of information. However, more research and evidence are needed before any definitive conclusions can be drawn.

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