Gravitation is the natural phenomenon by which all objects with mass are brought toward one another. It is the force that governs the motion of celestial bodies in space and is responsible for keeping planets in orbit around the sun.
The acceleration due to gravity is calculated using the formula a = GM/r^2, where G is the gravitational constant, M is the mass of the larger object, and r is the distance between the two objects. In this case, the larger object is the Earth and the distance is 1.43x10^8 m.
The gravitational constant (G) is a fundamental constant in physics that is approximately equal to 6.67x10^-11 Nm^2/kg^2. It is used in the calculation of the force of gravity between two objects.
The acceleration due to gravity decreases as the distance between two objects increases. This is because the force of gravity is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between two objects. Therefore, the farther apart the objects are, the weaker the force of gravity between them.
The acceleration due to gravity is different on different planets due to their varying mass and radius. The larger the mass and radius of a planet, the stronger the force of gravity and therefore, the higher the acceleration due to gravity. For example, the acceleration due to gravity on Earth is 9.8 m/s^2, while on Mars it is only 3.7 m/s^2.