# Heat Engines and efficiency

1. Dec 13, 2006

### Epictetus

1. The problem statement, all variables and given/known data

Suppose that two heat engines are connected in a series, such that the heat exhaust of the first engine is used as the heat input of the second (attached diagram below). The efficiencies of the engines are e1 and e2, respectively. Show that the net efficiency of the combination is given by:

e(net)= e1 + (1-e1)e2

2. Relevant equations

e(max)= 1 - Tc/Th
e= w/Qh = Qh-Qc/Qh = 1 - Qc/Qh
Qc/Qh = Tc/Th

3. The attempt at a solution

I broke up the diagram into two free-body diagrams allowing me to for solve e1 and e2:

e1 = 1-Th/Tm (Am I allowed to apply Qc/Qh = Tc/Th into 1 - Qc/Qh ?[/B])

and

e2= 1-Tm/Tc

Applying e1 and e2 in the given equation:

e(net)= e1 + (1-e1)e2
= (1-Th/Tm) + [1-(1-Th/Tm)](1-Tm/Tc)

which leaves
=1-Tm/Tc (The total efficiency of the engine equals to only the second engine because all the heat input eventually ends up there? )

#### Attached Files:

• ###### heat engine.bmp
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2. Dec 13, 2006

### OlderDan

I think you want the starting point for e(net) to be the ratio of total work (w_t) to Qh. Instead of starting with the relationship you are trying to prove, start with the fundamental definition of efficiency

e(net) = w_t/Qh = (w1 + w2)/Qh

3. Dec 14, 2006

### sicjeff

some of your assumptions appear really bad to me. You are not working with Carnot engines are you?

4. Dec 15, 2006

### andrevdh

The thermal efficiency of a heat engine is a measure of converting the "input heat" to the engine to useful mechanical work

$$\varepsilon = \frac{W}{Q_H}$$

if the engines are in series the $$Q_{C1}$$ will become the $$Q_{H2}$$.
Note that the thermal efficiency of a heat engine would be 100% if $$Q_C = 0$$.

#### Attached Files:

• ###### heat engine.gif
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Last edited: Dec 15, 2006
5. Dec 16, 2006

### Epictetus

And figure out work by substituting W= Qh-Qc?
Does Qm play a role in this or does it not effect the work of the heat engine?

6. Dec 16, 2006

### Epictetus

No, I guess I'm working with heat pumps. I see now that I should've not used e(max) since that would be used when figuring out the effieciency of a Carnot engine...

7. Dec 17, 2006

### OlderDan

Qm does play a role. Qm is the heat output of the first engine and the heat input of the second engine. Write the two work contributions in terms of the three heat values, and write the individual efficiencies in terms of the respective work to heat-input ratios.

8. Dec 18, 2006

### andrevdh

Yes you can calculate the work done by a heat engine this way. It will apply for both engines. What it means is that the engine converts the input heat (energy) to usefull work and some left-over heat. A heat engine will always need to shed some left-over heat since it can only function between a hot and cold reservior. That is it can only function if heat can flow between a hot and cold region.

In the case of this problem the heat output of engine one becomes the heat input of engine 2:

$$Q_m = Q_{C1} = Q_{H2}$$

We are therefore assuming that no heat escapes from the mid reservior. It just acts to transfer the heat from the first to the second engine.

Last edited: Dec 18, 2006
9. Nov 21, 2008

### yewsiong

I think you should use
enet=(WA+WB)QH1