Calculating Cooling Rate for a Black Body in a Vacuum with a Radiation Screen

In summary, the problem involves a spherical black body with a radius r and temperature T placed inside a spherical thin shell with a radius R, which is also black on both sides. The space between the shell and the sphere and the outer space contain vacuum. The cooling rate of the system can be found using the equation dQ/dt = e * σ * 4π * r^2 * (T^4_sphere - T^4_vacuum), where e is the emissivity, σ is the Stefan-Boltzmann constant, and T_sphere and T_vacuum are the temperatures of the sphere and vacuum, respectively. Since there is no conduction or convection in a vacuum, the only heat transfer mode is black
  • #1
brainslush
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Homework Statement


A spherical black body with a radius r and a temperature T is placed in a spherical thin shell (radiation screen) with a radius R. The shell is also absolutely black on both sides. The space between the shell and the sphere and the space outer of the shell contain vacuum, i.e., no gas.
Find the cooling rate


Homework Equations



R = dQ / dT = h*A*dT


The Attempt at a Solution


The black body radiates heat with
h - some heat transfer constant
A - area of the radiating body

[tex]\frac{dQ}{dT}_{bb} = h_{vacuum} * 4 \Pi *r^{2} (T_{sphere} - T_{vacuum})[/tex]

the same works for the radiation screen

[tex]\frac{dQ}{dT}_{rs} = h_{gas} * 4 \Pi *R^{2} (T_{vacuum} - T_{environment})[/tex]

The point is that I'm not sure how to find the overall cooling rate of the system. Thanks.
 
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  • #2
In a vacuum, there will be no conduction or convection heat transfer (your equations are for convection). The only heat transfer mode will be black body radiation which is proportional to T^4.
 
  • #3
Upps, I mixed up radiation, conductivity...

So

[tex]dQ/dt = e*\sigma*4\Pi*r^{2}(T^{4}_{sphere}-T^{4}_{vacuum})[/tex]

but what about the radiation screen? It is a thin shell. Can I neglect it?
 

1. What is heat transfer in vacuum?

Heat transfer in vacuum is the process of transferring thermal energy from one location to another without the presence of a medium. In other words, heat is transferred through empty space where there is no air or matter.

2. How does heat transfer occur in vacuum?

In vacuum, heat can be transferred by three mechanisms: conduction, convection, and radiation. Conduction is the transfer of heat through physical contact between two objects. Convection is the transfer of heat through the movement of a fluid, such as air or water. Radiation is the transfer of heat through electromagnetic waves.

3. Why is heat transfer in vacuum important?

Heat transfer in vacuum is important in many scientific and technological applications such as space exploration, vacuum insulation, and vacuum drying. It also plays a crucial role in understanding the behavior of matter and energy in extreme conditions.

4. What factors affect heat transfer in vacuum?

The rate of heat transfer in vacuum depends on several factors, including the temperature difference between the two objects, the surface area of the objects, and the distance between them. The properties of the objects, such as their thermal conductivity and emissivity, also influence heat transfer in vacuum.

5. Can heat transfer occur in a perfect vacuum?

Yes, heat transfer can occur in a perfect vacuum. Even though there is no matter present in a perfect vacuum, heat can still be transferred through radiation. This is because electromagnetic waves can travel through empty space and transfer heat from one object to another.

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