How Do Electrons Know Where to Go in a Circuit?

[return42]

How are electrons "pulled"?

I'm currently trying to learn about electricity, and I understand that in a circuit, the electrons will go from the negatively-charged pole to the positively-charged one in order to restore the balance. But I can't grasp how the electrons "feel" the imbalance all the way at the other end of the copper wire. What pushes the very first electron out of the negative side? How does that electron "know" where to go?

I know this is a n00bish question, but I really want to understand this!

 

[Antiphon]

Each electron pushes against all the others without touching them like magnets that repel. This repulsive force pushes them (or pulls them) down the wire. The voltage is a measure of how hard they are being pushed in going from one to the other electrode.

 

[Academic]

They feel the electric field. Its similar to how a rock "knows" to fall to the center of the earth, it follows the gravitational field. Similar to this electrons follow and electric field.

 

[Integral]

In a battery the reaction at the positive electrode consumes electrons, the reaction at the negative electrode produces electrons. The electrons are all "connected" by the electric field, one moves, they all move. So you are pushing electrons on the wire at one end and pulling them off at the other, the information travels between the electrons at the speed of light, but the electrons themselves move much slower. So current is developed very quickly throughout the wire.

 

[sardar]

Electrons are not physically pulled in a circuit, rather they are pushed or pressured by an electric field. In a circuit, the flow of electrons is driven by a difference in electric potential between the negative and positive ends. The negative end, also known as the source, has an excess of electrons while the positive end, or the load, has a deficiency of electrons. This creates an imbalance in the electric field, causing the electrons to flow from the negative end to the positive end in order to restore balance.

The first electron is pushed out of the negative end due to the repelling force of the excess electrons. As it moves through the wire, it creates a chain reaction, pushing the next electron and so on until the balance is restored. This movement of electrons is known as an electric current.

As for how the electrons "know" where to go, it is not a conscious decision but rather a result of the natural behavior of charged particles in an electric field. Electrons are negatively charged and are naturally repelled by other negatively charged particles, so they are naturally drawn towards the positively charged end.

In summary, electrons are not pulled in a circuit but rather pushed by an electric field created by an imbalance in electric potential. This movement is a natural result of the behavior of charged particles in an electric field.