How are strings allowed to vibrate in string theory?

[Quantum Kid]

I have recently been reading up on the basics of string theory and my question is this. How exactly are strings "allowed" to vibrate? In particular, do they have to be in all ten dimensions of space as predicted by M-theory at once? Or can they just "reside" in several of those dimensions?

Please excuse the novice question. I have been unable to find detailed explanations of string theory without math that is way over my head. On that note, if anyone has any suggestions for introductory books/textbooks on string theory that are between the simple popular books and the extremely complicated textbooks aimed at graduate students I would really appreciate it.

Thank you for your time.

 

[AndyW]

Thank you for your question about string theory and its basis in M-theory. I am happy to provide some insight into this topic.

Firstly, in string theory, strings are not considered to be physical objects in the traditional sense. Rather, they are tiny, one-dimensional objects that vibrate at different frequencies. These vibrations determine the properties of the string, such as its mass and charge.

Now, to answer your question about how strings are "allowed" to vibrate, we must consider the concept of dimensions in string theory. According to M-theory, there are 11 dimensions of space, with 10 of them being spatial dimensions and one being time. However, it is important to note that these dimensions are not necessarily physical dimensions that we can see or experience. They are mathematical constructs that are necessary for the equations of string theory to work.

In string theory, strings are able to vibrate in all 10 spatial dimensions simultaneously. This is known as the "compactification" of dimensions. However, it is also possible for strings to only vibrate in a subset of these dimensions, known as "brane worlds." This concept is still being explored and studied in string theory.

As for suggestions for introductory books on string theory, I would recommend "The Elegant Universe" by Brian Greene and "The Hidden Reality" by Michio Kaku. These books provide a good overview of string theory and its concepts without being too mathematically advanced. Additionally, there are many online resources and lectures available for those interested in learning more about string theory.

I hope this helps answer your question and provides some guidance for further exploration of string theory. Keep asking questions and seeking knowledge, and best of luck in your studies!